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EMBRACING 


MENTAL    AND    WEITTEN    EXEEOISES, 


FOU    BEGINNERS 


BY 


BENJAMIN  ,  GREENLEAF,   A.M. 


-ooX»<oo- 


BOSTON: 
PUBIJSHED  BY  ROBERT    S.  DAVIS  &  CO. 

NEW   YOrtK:    BAKER,    PRATT,    &   COMPANY,    NO.    19    BOND    STREET. 

CHICAGO:    JANSEN,    MCCLURG,    &   COMPANY. 

DUBUQUE:    GROSVENOR   &   HARGER. 

1880. 


©L^JATIOJ  lIBSi    GREENLEAF'S     ' 

NEW    OOMPEEHENSIYE    SEEIES. 


XN    ZXTIRELT    KEW   JfATHEMATICAL    COURSE,    ANALYTICAL    AND    PRACTICAL, 

PROGRESSIVE    AND     SCIENTIFIC,    FULLY    ADAPTED    TO     THE 

BEST    METHODS    OF    MODERN    INSTRUCTION. 


KEW    PRIMAKY    ARITHMETIC,  KEW    ELEMENTARY    ALGEBRA, 

KEW    ELEMENTARY    ARITHMETIC,  NEW    HIGHER    ALGEBRA, 

NEW    PRACTICAL    ARITHMETIC,  ELEMENTS    OF    GEOMETRY, 

ELEMENTS    OF  TRIGONOMETRY. 


/ 


UNIFOEMITY  AEITHMETICAL   SEEIES. 

GREEXLEAP'S  NEW     PRBIARY     ABITHMETIC. 

GREEXLEAP'S  NEW     INTELLECTUAL     ARITHMETIC 

GREENLEAE'S  COMMON     SCHOOL     ARITHMETIC. 

GREENLEAE'S  NATIONAL     ARITHMETIC. 

£duc.  Libt 
<  •»» » ' 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1857,  and  in  the  year  1861,  by 

BENJAMiy    GRE  EXLEAF, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  District  of  Massachusetts. 

Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  3-ear  1872,  by 

LUC  RETT  A    K.     GREENLEAF,     Widow  of  Benjamin   Greenleaf, 

In  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 

BIVKRSIDB,    OASHiRIDOB: 
PamTBD  BT  H     0.  HOUGHTON  AND  OOUPANT 


}!/./•  ifio,  I  GTFT 


\Q2>o 

PREFACE.  6D--p 


-•o*- 


'HE  object  of  this  primary  book  is  to  teach  ttie  pupil 
how  to  think,  and  to  enable  him,  by  an  almost  im- 
perceptible gradation  of  thought,  to  advance  from 
the  simplest  forms  of  reasoning  to  the  more  vigor- 
ous exercises  of  the  mind. 

Hence,  no  arbitrary  rules  have  been  introduced,  and 
only  such  hints  and  suggestions,  with  occasional  formulae 
of  reasoning,  as  were  considered  absolutely  necessary  for 
the  profitable  study  of  the  lessons. 

In  order  that  the  reasoning  of  some  of  the  principal 
processes  might  be  the  more  apparent  to  the  beginner, 
pictures  of  objects  have  been,  to  some  extent,  introduced. 
After  these,  counters  are  employed,  as  unit  marks;  and 
then  follow  lessons  without  any  such  aids,  that  the  learner 
may  early  acquire  the  habit  of  depending  upon  mental 
resources  alone  for  the  solution  of  problems. 

The  numerous  Pictorial  Illustrations  of  the  present 
edition  have  been  designed  and  engraved,  by  skilful  ai  • 
tists,  especially  for  this  work. 

In  this  edition,   the   exercises   in  Written  Arithmetic 

have  been  extended,  and  other  improvements  introduced, 

with  a  view  of  fully  adapting  the  work  to  the  present 

demands  of  the  best  primary  schools. 

3 

088 


TO  TEACHERS. 


-»o*- 


% 


t/Jr  HE  lessons  assigned  to  the  learner  should  never  be 
longer  than  will  admit  of  being  thoroughly  prepared 
for  recitation. 


The  better  to  secure  the  attention  of  each  member  of 
the  class,  and  elicit  earnestness  of  thought,  the  questions 
should  be  read  to  the  whole  class,  and  each  pupil  taught 
to  be  in  readiness,  in  whatever  order  called  upon,  to  give 
promptly  the  solution  required. 

The  solutions  should  be  uniformly  according  to  such 
forms  as  are  deemed  by  the  teacher  the  neatest  and  best. 
The  greatest  care  should  be  observed  to  have  them  always 
expressed  in  language  entirely  accurate,  and  pronounced 
in  a  clear  and  distinct  manner. 

Frequent  reviews,  especially  of  the  tables,  will  alone 
give  thoroughness.  In  general,  with  a  lesson  in  advance, 
it  will  be  advantageous  to  assign  some  portion  pre\dously 
gone  over,  as  a  review. 

Every  term,  or  process,  connected  with  any  of  the 
lessons,  which  the  beginner  may  be  likely  not  readily  to 
understand,  the  intelligent  teacher  will  not  need  to  be 
reminded,  should  be  clearly  explained  to  the  pupil,  before 
assignincr  the  lesson. 

4 


NEW 

Primary  Arithmetic. 


LESSOR  I. 

How    many    thumbs    have    you    on    each    hand? 

How    many    hands    have    you?      How    many    eyes? 

If  you  wish  to  know  how  many  fingers  you  have, 
what  must  you  do?      I  must  count  them. 

What,  then,  is  counting?  Counting  is  finding  how 
many   there   are   of   things. 

In   counting,   what  is   a  single  thing  called?        One. 

What   is   a   number  ?      A  .  Number   is  one,  or  more 

than  one. 

5 


PRTMAKT 


LESSON    II. 

Count  the  pears  in  each  row^  from  left  to  right,  and 


tell  the  number. 
One. 

One,  two. 

One,  two,  three. 

One,  two,  three,  four. 

One,  two,  three,  etc. 


6 


%^  %a/  C-/  ^^  ^^ 

66666  6 


One. 

Two. 

Three. 

Pour. 

Five. 

Six. 

Seven. 

Eight. 

Nine. 

Ten. 


d 
O 


o 

Eh 


o 

o 

u 

• 

o 

• 

o 

.a 

EH 

^ 

Ph 

CQ 

o 
o 


+3 


© 


o 
Eh 


Count  the  pears  in  each  row,  from  the  top  downward. 

How  many  pears  are  there  in  the  second  row  from 
the  top? 

How  many  pears  are  there  in  the  next  to  the  lowest 
row? 


ARITHMETIC. 


LESSON    III. 


&^i;s*i«^g^>~S5S^?^^^.ig^sJSSKsS^ 


Answer  the 
in  the  picture 

How  many 
How  many 
How  many 
How  many 
How  many 
How  many 
How  many 
How  many 
How  many 
Count  from 
Count  from 
Count    from 


following  questions  by  counting  the  balls 

of  the  Numeral  Frame  :  — 

balls    are    one  ball     and    one    ball? 

balls    are    two  balls    and    one    ball? 

balls    are    three  balls    and    one    ball? 

balls    are    four  balls    and    one    ball? 

balls    are    five  balls    and    one    ball? 

l)alls    are    six  balls    and    one    ball  ? 

balls    are    seven  balls    and    one    ball? 

balls    are    eight  balls    and    one    ball? 

balls    are    nine  balls    and    one    ball? 

one    to    five.  From    two    to    six. 

one    to    seven.  From    three    to    seven, 

seven    to    ten.  From    one    to    ten. 


8  PRIMARY 

LESSON   lY. 
Count  ten  books.     Count  ten  chickens. 


What  do  one,  two,  three,  etc.,   express?      Numbers. 

How,  then,  can  you  express  numbers?        By  words. 

AVhat  is  another  method  of  expressing  numbers?  By 
certain  marks  called  Figures. 

How  many  different  figures  are  used  in  expressing 
numbers  ?  Ten. 

Make  on  the  slate  the  figure  1  for  one ;  2  for  two , 
3  for  three :   4  for  four :    5  for  five. 

Make  on  the  slate  the  fio-ure  6  for  six :  7  for  seven ; 
8  for  eight;    9  for  nine. 

Make  on  the  slate  0  for  no  number. 

AVhat  is  the  0  called?         Cipher,  Zero,  or  Naught. 

Write  on  the  slate  and  read  the  following  figures :  — 

2,  3,  6,  7,  0,  4. 

Write  on  the  slate  and  read  the  following  figures :  — 

8,  9,  1,  0,  5,  6. 

What  is  one  of  any  kind  called  ?  A  Unit. 

How  many  ones  or  units  are  one  ten?  Ten. 

How  can  you  express  one  ten  by  figures?  By  writ- 
inor  the  fio-ure  1  with  0  on  the  ricrht :   thus,  10. 

For  what,  then,  does  the  fio;ure  1,  with  0  at  the  right, 
stand?  One  ten,  or  ten. 

Write  on  the   slate  and  read,  — 
9,  8,  7,  10,  6,  3. 


ARITHilETIC 


LESSON  V. 


1.  Here  is  a  picture  of  some  bees;  count  the  number 
of  bees  about  each  hive. 

2.  How  many  bees  are  there  about  both  hives? 

3.  If  there  are  ten  bees  about  each  hive,  and  twenty 
about  both,  how  many,  then,  are  two  tens? 

4.  How  can  you  express  twenty  by  figures?  By 
writing  the  figure  2  with  0  on  the  right:    thus,        20. 

5.  How  many  roses  are  ten  roses  and  one  rose? 

6.  Make  the  figures  11  for  eleven ;  12  for  twelve ; 
13  for  thirteen:    11  for  fourteen;   15  for  fifteen. 

7.  How  many  are  fourteen  and  one?  fifteen  and  one? 
sixteen  and  one?  seventeen  and  one?  eighteen  and  one? 
nineteen  and  one? 

8.  Make  the  fiofures  16  for  sixteen:  17  for  seven- 
teen;    18  for  eighteen;    19  for  nineteen. 

9.  Write  and  read  the  following  figures :  — 

11,         IS,         17,         14,         1^,         18. 


xo 


PRIMARY 


LESSOIf  VI. 

1.    1  horse  and  1  horse  are  how  many  horses? 
How  many  are  1  and  1  ? 


2.    1  vessel  and  2  vessels  are  how  many  vessels? 
How  many  are  1  and  2? 


3.    A  cat   caught  1  mouse  in  the  cellar  and   3  mice 
in  the  pantry.     How  many  mice  did  she  catch  in  all? 


4.  Jane  put  1  cup  on  the  table,  and  her  sister  put 
on  4  more.  How  many  cups  did  they  both  put  on 
the  table? 

How  many  are  1  and  4? 


5.    John  set  out  1  tree,  and  James  set  out  5. 
many  did  they  both   set? 

How  many  are  1  and  5? 


How 


£-?*■ 


ARITHMETIC. 


11 


6.  Here  is  a  picture  of  some 
acorns.  How  many  acorns  are 
1  acorn  and  6  acorns? 

How  many  are  1  and  6? 

7.  Henry  has  1  acorn  and 
Edward  has  7.  How  many 
acorns  have  they  both? 

How  many  are  1  and  7? 

8.    Ellen  and  8  other  girls  are  at  play.     How  many 
girls  are  at  play? 

How  many  are  1  and  8? 


9.    1   snow-bird  and  9  yellow-birds    are    sitting  on  a 
branch.     How  many  birds  are  there  in  all? 

How^  many  are  1  and  9? 


10.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

1  and  1  are  2. 

1  afid  2  are  3. 

1  and  3  are  4. 

*  1  and  4  are  5. 

1  and  5  ai*e  6. 


1  and  6  are  7. 
1  and  7  are  8. 
1  and  8  are  9. 
1  and  9  are  10. 
1  and  10  are  11. 


12 


PRIMARY 


LESSON   YII. 

1.    George  had  2   clusters   of   grapes,   and  his  father 
gave  him  another.     How  many  clusters  had  he  then? 

How  many  are  2  and  1  ? 


2.    In  one  yard  there  are  2  pigs,  and  m  another  there 
are  2.     How  many  pigs  are  in  both  yards? 

How  many  are  2  and  2? 


3.    2  baskets  and  3  baskets  are  how  many? 
How  many  are  2  and  3  ? 


4.    A  merchant   sold  2  pitchers  at  one  time,   and  4 
pitchers  at  another  time.     How  many  did  he  sell  in  all? 

How  many  arc  2  and  4  ? 


5.    2  apples  and  5  apples  are  how  many? 
How  many  are  2  and  5? 


ARITHMETIC. 


13 


6.    Edwin  has  2  tops,  and  George  has  6. 
have  they  both? 

How  many  are  2  and  6  ? 


How  many 


7.    2  flowers  and  7  flowers  are  how  many  flowers? 
How  many  are  2  and  7? 


# 


^ 


8.  How  many  are  2  parasols  and  8  parasols? 

How  many  are  2  and  8  ? 

9.  How  many  are  2  soldiers  and  9  soldiers? 

How  many  are  2  and  9  ? 


w  J 


10.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

2  and  1  are  3. 

2  and  2  are  4. 

2  and  3  are  5. 

2  and  4  are  6. 

2  and  5  are  7. 


2  and  6  arc  8. 
2  and  7  are  9. 
2  and  8  arc  10. 
2  and  9  are  11. 
2  and  10  are  12. 


14 


PEIMARY 


LESSOIT  YIII. 

1.    Arthur  had  3  lambs,  and  his  brother  gave  him  1 
more.     How  many  lambs  had  he  then? 

How  many  are  3  and  1? 


2.    3  sloops  began  to  sail  on  the  lake,  and  soon  after 
3  more.     How  many  were  then  sailing? 

How  many  are  3  and  3? 


3.    3   tumblers    and  5   tumblers   are   how  many  tum- 
blers ? 

How  many  are  3  and  5? 


e 


4.    3  bees  and  7  bees  are  how  many  bees? 
How  many  are  3  and  7? 


J^i 


^  ^^Z- 


'j 


■^4^ 
^ 


5.    Becitc  the  table  :  — 


3 
3 
3 
3 
3 


and 
and 
and 
and 
and 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 


are 
are 


4. 
5. 

are  6. 
are  7. 
are  §. 


3  and    6  are    9. 

3  and    7  are  10. 

3  and    8  are  11. 

3  and    9  are  12. 

3  and  10  are  13. 


ARITHMETIC. 


15 


LESSON   IX. 

1.    4  rabbits  are  in  one  place,  and  2  in  another, 
/nany  in  all  ?  , 

,**         How  many  are  4  and  2  ?  ^ 


Ho^ 


2.    Frank  has  4  pears,  and  Charles  has  4  more.     Hov 
many  pears  have  both  ? 

How  many  are  4  and  4  ? 


3.    4  locks  and  5  locks  are  how  many  locks  ? 
How  many  are  4  and  5  ? 


4.    Henry  has  4  flags,  and  Charles  has  6.     How  many 
flags  have  both  ?  ^ 

How  many  are  4  and  6  ? 


5.    Recite  thVtabl*:  — 

4  and  1  are  5. 

4  and  2  are  6. 

4  and  3  ara  J. 

4  am  4  are  8. 

4  and  5  are  9. 


J4  and    6  are  10. 
r^J'^aiJ^  7  are  11. 

4  and  '^Itre- 12. 

4  and    9  are  13. 

4  and  10  are  14. 


16 


PRIMARY 


LESSON  X. 

1.  James  has  caught 
5  trouts.  If  he  should 
catch  1  more,  how 
many  trouts  would  he 
have  caught  ? 

How  many  are  5 
and  1  ? 

2.  Five  trouts  and  2 
trouts  are  how  many 
trouts  ? 

How  many  are  5 
and  2? 

3.  How  many  peaches  are 
5  peaches  and  4  peaches? 

How  many  are  5  and  4? 

4.  There  are  5  peaches  in 
one  plate  and  6  in  another. 
How  many  are  there  in  both? 

^How  many  ^re,^ -and  6? 

5.  There  are  5  peaches  in  one  plate  and  7  in  another 
J3ow  many  are  there  in  both? 

How  many  are  5  and  7? 

6.  Recite  the  table  :  — 


5  and  1  are    6. 

5  and  2  are    7. 

5  and  3  are    8. 

5  and  4  are    9. 

5  and  5  are  10. 


5  and  6  are  11. 
5  and  7  are  12. 
5  and  8  are  13. 
5  and  9  are  14.' 
5  and  10  are  15. 


ARITHMETIC. 


LESSON    XI. 

1.    Six  girl^  and  2  girls  are  how  many  girls? 
How  many  are  6  and  2  ? 


2.  John  caught  6  fishes,  and  Daniel  caught  5  fishes. 
How  many  fishes  did  both  catch  ? 

How  many  are  6  and  5  ? 

3.  In  one  place  there  are  6  birds  and  in  another  10. 

How  many  are  there  in  both 
places  ? 

How    many    are     6    and 
10? 


'£S^ 


4.    Recite  the  table 


6  and  1  are    7. 

6  and    6  are  12 

6  and  2  are    8. 

6  and    7  are  13 

6  and  3  are    9. 

6  and    8  are  14 

6  and  4  are  10. 

6  and    9  are  15 

6  and  5  are  11. 

6  and  10  are  16 

WRITTEN    EXERCISES. 


Write  and  read  :  — 


(5.) 

(6.) 

0') 

(8.) 

(9.) 

(10.) 

6 

11 

10 

3 

16 

7 

9 

16 

17 

0 

U 

6 

8 

12 

13 

2 

15 

0 

1 

20 

19 

4 

18 

9 

18 


PRIMARY 


LESSON  XII. 
1.    How  many  bees  are  7  bees  and  2  bees? 

How    many    are    7 

'^  ^'^i  1^^^'  ^v^  ^V   ^^^  2  ? 

2.    How  many  bees  are  7  bees  and 
llyyj  ^^^  4  bees?     How  many  are  7  and  4? 

8.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

7  and  1  are    8.  7  and    6  are  13. 

7  and  2  are    9.  7  and    7  are  14. 

7  and  3  are  10.  7  and    8  are  15. 

7  and  4  are  11.  7  and    9  are  16. 

7  and  5  are  12.  7  and  10  are  17. 


2. 
chairs 


LESSOl^   XIII. 

1.  Albert  paid  8  dollars  for  a  globe,  and  3 
dollars  for  taking  lessons  on  it.  How  much 
did  he  pay  in  all? 

How  many  are  8  and  3  ? 

Paid  8  dollars  for  a  table,  and  9  dollars  for  some 
.     How  many  dollars  did  both  cost? 

How  many  are  8  and  9? 
Recite  the  table  :  — 


8  and  1  are  9. 

8  and  2  are  10. 

8  and  3  are  11. 

8  and  4  are  12. 

8  iind  5  are  13. 


8  and    6  are  14. 

8  and    7  are  15. 

8  and    8  are  16. 

8  and    9  are  17. 

8  and  10  are  18. 


ARITHxMETIC. 


VJ 


LESSON    XIY. 

1.  Rufus  one  day  rode  9 
miles,  and  the  next  day  7 
miles.  How  many  miles  did 
he  ride  both  days? 

IIow  many  are  9  and  7  V 

2.  Susan  found  on  one 
rose-bush  9  roses,  and  on 
another  10  roses.  How  many 
did  she  find  on  both  bushes  ? 

How  many  are  9  and  10? 


Recite  the  table  :  — 
9  and  1  are  10. 
9  and  2  are  11. 
9  and  3  are  12. 
9  and  4  are  13. 
9  and  5  are  14. 


9  and    6  are  15. 

9  and    7  are  16. 

9  and    8  are  17. 

9  and    9  are  18. 

9  and  10  are  19. 


LESSON    XV. 
1.    Alice   saw   10    butterflies   in   the    fore- 
noon,  and   6    in  the   afternoon.       How  many 
butterflies  did  she  see  in  all? 
2.    Edwin  had  10  marbles,  and  bought  10  more.     How 
many  then  had  he? 


3.    Recite  the  table  :  — 
10  and  1  are  11. 
10  and  2  are  12.  • 
10  and  3  are  13. 
10  and  4  are  14. 
10  and  5  are  15. 


10  and  6  are  16. 
10  and  7  are  17. 
10  and  8  are  18. 
10  and  9  arc  19. 
10  and  10  are.  20. 


20 


PRIMARY 


LESSON  XVI. 

3  and  5? 


7  and  4  ? 
6  and  5  ? 
9  and  1 ? 
Why  14? 


1.  How  many  are  2  and  5  ? 

2.  How  many  are  4  and  7  ? 

3.  How  many  are  5  and  6  ? 

4.  How  many  are  8  and  2  ? 

5.  How  many  are  10  and  4  ? 

Ans.     Because  fO  and  4-  make  /4. 

6.  A  car  containing  7  persons  took  in  5  more.     How 
many  did  the  car  then  contain?     Why? 

7.  How  many  peaches  are  9  peaches  and  8  peaches  ? 
Why? 

8.  What   is    the    finding   of  a   number   equal  to  two 
more  numbers  called?  Addition. 

9.  What   is    the    number    which    is    equal  to  two    or 
more  numbers  called?  Their  Sum. 

10.  What  is  the  sum  of  4  and  3?     Of  7  and  5? 

11.  What  is  the  sum  of  5  and  4  ?     Of  6  and  2  ? 

12.  Add  4  and  3.     5  and  4.     7  and  6. 


WRITTEN 

EXERCISES, 

Write  and  add  :  — 

- 

(13.) 

(14.) 

(15.) 

(16.) 

(17.) 

(18.) 

6 

7 

4 

9 

6 

U 

2 

1 

3 

1 

3 

3 

um,  7 

10 

17 

(19.) 

(20.) 

(21.) 

(22.) 

(23.) 

(24.) 

6 

9 

7 

8 

6 

13 

1 

0 

5 

3 

6 

4 

ARITHMETIC. 


H 


LESSON   XYII. 


4  and  5?     4  and  7? 


5  and  1?      5  and  2? 


6  and  2? 


7  and  0? 


1.  2  pigs  are  eating  their  supper,  and  1  has  had  his 
and  gone  away.     How  many  pigs  are  theie  in  all? 

2.  How  many  are  3  and  0?      3  and  6?      3  and  3? 

3  and  5?     3  and  8? 

3.  How  many  are  4  and  4? 

4  and  6?     4  and  10? 

4.  How  many  are  5  and  5? 

5  and  8?     5  and  6? 

5.  How  many  are  6  and  1? 

6  and  8?     6  and  9? 

6.  How  many  are  7  and  2? 

7  and  5?     7  and  8?     7  and  10? 

7.  How  many  are  8  and  1  ?      8  and  2  ? 

8  and  8?     8  and  10? 

8.  How  many  are  9  and  3  ?      9  and  5  ? 

9  and  7?     9  and  6?     9  and  10? 

9.  How  many  are  10  and  0  ?  10  and  1  ?  10  ani 
2?     10  and  5?     10  and  10? 

10.  Levi  had  6  cents,  and  his  father  gave  him  6 
more.     How  many  cents  then  had  he?     Why? 

11.  Charles  has  in  one  pocket  7  chestnuts,  and  in  the 
other  9  more.     How  many  has  he  in  both? 

12.  In  a  park  there  were  seen  4  squirrels  running  on 
the  ground,  and  10  on  the  trees.  How  many  squirrels 
were  there  in  all? 


6  and  7? 

7  and  3? 

8  and  4? 

9  and  8? 


22 


P  R I  :M  A  R  Y 


LESSOl^'   XYIII. 

1.  Here  is  a  picture  of  a  lively  scene.  See  what  a 
collection  of  bii'ds.  both  on  the  ground  and  on  the  fence. 
Count  and  tell  how  many  there  ai^e  on  the  ground. 

2.  Count  and  tell  how  many  there  are  on  one  of  the 
rails. 

3.  Count  and  tell  how  many  there  are  on  the  two 
rails. 

4.  Count  and  tell  how  many  there  are  on  the  gi^ound 
and  on   one  of  the  rails. 

5.  Count  and  tell  how  many  there  are  on  the  ground 
and  on  both  rails. 

6.  How  can  you  express  thirty  by  figures  ?  By  writ- 
ing the  figure  3  with  0  on  the  right  of  it:   thus,     SO- 

7.  What,  then,  does  the  figm*e  3,  with  0  on  its  right, 
represent?  Three  tens,  or  thii'ty. 

8.  Write  the  figures  which  stand  for  thirty. 


ARTTH.METIC. 


23 


9.  How  can  you  express  thirty-two  by  figures?     By 
u-ritiiig  3  and  2,  side  by  side;  thus,  32. 

10.  What  do  the  figures  thus  written  expres?  "* 

Three  tens  and  two,  or  thirty-two. 

11.  Write  the  figures  which  stand  for  thirty-two. 

12.  How   can    you    express   thirty-three    by   figures? 
By  writing  3  and  3,  side  by  side;  thus,  33. 

13.  What  do  the  figures  thus  written  express? 

Three  tens  and  three,  or  thirty-three. 

14.  Write  the  figures  which  stand  for  thirty-three. 

15.  How  can  you  expi'ess  forty  by  figures  ?     By  writ- 
ing 4  and  0,  side  by  side ;  thus,  40- 

16.  What  do  the  figures  thus  written  express? 

Four  tens  and  no  ones  or  units,  or  forty. 

17.  Write  the  figures  Avhich  stand  for  forty. 

18.  Write  and  read  the  figures  of  the  following   ta- 
ble :  — 


Nrnnber. 

rnntea 
figures. 

w  ritcen 
figures. 

Number. 

rrmxea 
figures. 

writi 
figure 

Twenty-one, 

21 

21 

Thirty-one, 

31 

31 

Twenty-two, 

22 

22 

Thirty-two, 

32 

32 

Twenty-three, 

23 

23 

Thirty-tkree, 

33 

33 

Twenty-four, 

24 

24 

Thirty-four, 

34 

34 

Twenty-five, 

25 

25 

Thirty-five, 

35 

35 

Tv/'enty-six, 

26 

26 

Thirty-six, 

36 

36 

TAventy-seven, 

27 

27 

Thirty-seven, 

37 

37 

Twenty-eight, 

28 

28 

Thirty-eight, 

38 

38 

Twenty-nine, 

29 

29 

Thirty-nine, 

39 

39 

Thirty, 

30 

30 

Forty, 

40 

40 

24 


PRIMARY 


LESSON   XIX. 

1.    Two  ducks  were  standing  near  a 
pool :    but  1  of  them  has  gone  into  it. 
=^^8iK.  How  many  remain  out  of  the  pool  ? 
1  from  2  leaves  how  many? 

2.    Farmer  Jones  had  3  wheelbarrows,  but  has  sold  1. 
How  many  has  he  left? 

1  from  3  leaves  how  many? 


:^3E3EI 


1^ 


3.    Mary  had  4:  walnuts,   but  has   given   her   sister  1. 
How  many  has  she  left? 

1  from  4  leaves  how  many? 


4.  There  are  5  pitchers  upon  a  table ;  1  of  them  con- 
tains milk,  and  the  others  water.  How  many  contain 
water  ? 

1  from  5  leaves  how  many? 


5.    There  are  6  flowers  ;  1  of  them  is  a  tulip,  and  the 
others  are  pinks.     How  many  are  pinks  ? 


ARITHMETIC. 


26 


6.    A  merchant   had  T  chests  of  tea,  but  has   sold  1 
chest.     How  many  chests  has  he  left? 

1  from  7  leaves  how  many? 


o  rri  CT  fq  fa  CT 


•Vmaao^ 


1l^ 


7.    Lucy  had  8  flowers,  but  has  given^  1  of  them  to 
her  sister.     How  many  has  Lucy  left  ? 

1  from  8  leaves  how  many? 


8.    9  flags  were    standing   in  a  row,  but  1  has   been 
taken  away.     How  many  flags  remain? 

1  from  9  leaves  how  many? 


9.    John   has    10  chickens.      If  he   should   sell    1    of 
them,   how  many  would  he  have  left? 

1  from  10  leaves  how  many? 


10.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

1  from  1  leaves  0. 

1  from  2  leaves  1. 

1  from  3  leaves  2. 

1  from  4  leaves  3. 

1  from  5  leaves  4. 


1  from    6  leaver  5. 

1  from    7  leaves  6. 

1  from    8  leaves  7. 

1  from    9  leaves  8. 

1  from  10  leaves  9. 


26 


PRIMARY 


LESBOIT  XX. 


1.    George  found  3 

eoro;s    in    a    nest,    and 

took  away  2  of  them. 

How     many    did     he 
? 


eo^2:s   trom 


leave 

2.  Two 
6  ecrofs  leaves  how 
many?  Two  eggs  and 
how  many  eggs  are  6 


eggs 
3. 


"^  3.      Two     from 

leaves  how  many?     Two  from  9  leaves  how  many? 

4.    Recite  the  table  :  — 


2  from  2  leaves  0. 

2  from  3  leaves  1. 

2  from  4  leaves  2. 

2  fi'om  5  leaves  3. 

2  from  6  leaves  4. 


2  from    7  leaves  5. 

2  from    8  leaves  6. 

2  from    9  leaves  7. 

2  from  10  leaves  8. 

2  from  11  leaves  9. 


8 


WMITTEX    JEXEJRCISES. 


^^rite  and  read:  — 


(5.) 

(6.) 

('•) 

(8.) 

(9.) 

(10.) 

22 

21 

25 

37 

23 

24 

31 

39 

28 

22 

26 

29 

32 

40 

36 

27 

20 

33 

(11.) 

(12.) 

(13.) 

(14.) 

(15.) 

(16.) 

30 

39 

17 

25 

18 

21 

38 

22 

26 

13 

27 

38 

34 

19 

35 

11 

19 

40 

ARITHiMETIC 


27 


LESSON    XXI. 


3.  Recite  the  table  :  — 
3  from  3  leaves  0. 
3  from  4  leaves  1. 
3  from  5  leaves  2. 
3  from  6  leaves  3. 
3  from  7  leaves  4. 


1.  Six  squirrels 
less  3  squirrels  are 
how  many? 

2.  Eight  ships 
were  at  sea.  and  3 
of  them  were  lost  in 
a  storm.  How  many- 
were  left? 


3  from  8  leaves  5. 

3  from  9  leaves  6. 

3  from  10  leaves  7. 

3  from  11  leaves  8. 

3  from  12  leaves  9. 


LESSON   XXII. 


1.  Four  flowers  from  7 
flowers  leave  how  many? 

2.  Ten  chickens  less  4 


chickens  are  how  many  ? 


Recite  the  table  :  — 

4  from  4  leaves  0. 

4  from  5  leaves  1. 

4  from  G  leaves  2. 

4  from  7  leaves  3. 

4  from  8  leaves  4. 


4  from     9  leaves  5. 

4  from  10  leaves  6. 

4  from  11  leaves  7. 

4  from  12  leaves  8. 

4  from  13  leaves  9, 


28 


PRIMARY 


LESSOIT    XXIII. 

1.    A  boy  had  6  rabbits,  and  lost   2  of  them.     Hotv 
many  had  he  left? 


2.    Laura  had  9  sheets  of  paper,  but  has  used  5  of 
them  in  writing  letters.     How  many  sheets  has  she  left': 

Recite  the  table  :  — 


5  from  5  leaves  0. 

5  from  6  leaves  1. 

5  from  T  leaves  2. 

5  from  8  leaves  3. 

5  from  9  leaves  4. 


5  from  10  leaves  5. 

5  from  11  leaves  6. 

5  from  12  leaves  7. 

5  from  13  leaves  8. 

5  from  14  leaves  9. 


LESSOI^T   XXIY. 

1.  Ten  peaches  were  upon 
a  table,  but  6  of  them  have 
been  put  in  a  plate.  How 
many  remain  on  the  table? 

2.  In  two  plates  are  13 
peaches,  but  in  one  of  the 
plates  are  6.  How  many  are 
there  in  the  other  plate  ? 


3.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

6  from    6  leaves  0. 

6  from    7  leaves  1. 

6  from    8  leaves  2. 

6  from    9  leaves  3. 

6  from  10  leaves  4. 


6  from  11  leaves  5. 

6  from  12  leaves  6. 

6  from  13  leaves  7. 

6  A'om  14  leaves  8. 

6  from  15  leaves  9. 


ARITHMETIC. 


29 


LESSON    XXY. 


Recite  the  table  :  — 

7  from    7  leaves  0. 

7  from    8  leaves  1. 

7  from    9  leaves  2. 

7  from  10  leaves  3. 

7  from  11  leaves  4. 


7  from  12  leaves  5. 
7  from  13  leaves  6. 
7  from  14  leaves  7. 
7  from  15  leaves  8. 
7  from  16  leaves  9. 


1.    Emma    bought  a  muff   for  13  dollars,   and   sold  it 
for  7  dollars.     How  much  did  she  lose  ? 
7  from  13  leaves  how  many.?. 


2.    Eliza  planted  16  seeds,  but  only  7  came  up. 
many  seeds  failed  to  come  up  ? 

7  from  16  leaves  how  many? 


How 


LESSON   XXVI. 


Recite  the  table  :  — 

8  from     8  leaves  0. 

8  from     9  leaves  1. 

8  from  10  leaves  2. 

8  from  11  leaves  3. 

8  from  12  leaves  4. 


8  from  13  leaves  5. 
8  from  14  leaves  6. 
8  from  15.  leaves  7. 
8  from  16  leaves  8. 
8  from  17  leaves  9. 


1.  William  earned  8  dollars,  but  paid  them  all  away 
for  a  dog.  How  many  dollars  had  he  then 
left? 

8  from  8  leaves  how  many? 

2.  Robert    caught    11    squirrels,   but  8   of   them    ran 

away.     How  many  remained? 
3* 


30 


PRIMARY 


LESSON    XXVII. 


1.    Recite  the  table:  — 

9  from  9  leaves  0. 

9  from  10  leaves  1. 

9  from  11  leaves  2. 

9  from  12  leaves  3. 

9  from  13  leaves  4. 


9  from  14  leaves  5, 
9  from  15  leaves  6. 
9  from  16  leaves  7. 
9  from  17  kaves  8. 
9  from  18  leaves  9. 


2.  Julia  rode  at  one  time  15  miles,  and  at  another 
time  9  miles.  How  many  more  miles  did  she  ride  at 
the  one  time  than  at  the  other? 

'frop^   '  -^  leaves  how  many  ? 

3.  From  a  chest  of  tea  that  contained  18  pounds 
there  have  been  sold  9  pounds.  How  many  pounds  re- 
main unsold? 

LESSOIT    XXYIII. 
1.    Recite  the  table:  — 

10  from  10  leaves  0. 

10  from  11  leaves  1. 

10  from  12  leaves  2. 

10  from  13  leaves  3. 

10  from  14  leaves  4. 


10  from  15  leaves  5. 

10  from  16  leaves  6. 

10  from  17  leaves  7. 

10  from  18  leaves  8. 

10  from  19  leaves  9. 


2.  A  man  sold  bird  cages,  that  cost  him  15 
dollars,  for  10  dollars.  How  many  dollars  did  he 
lose  ? 

10  from  15  leaves  how  many  ? 

3.    A  farmer  has  17  sheep  and  10  lambs.     How  many 
more  sheep  has  he  than  lambs? 


ARITHMETIC. 


31 


LESSON    XXIX. 

1.  The  children  represented  in  the  picture  are  en- 
gaged in  play,  during  recess.  In  one  group  are  16 
children :  in  the  other  there  are  10.  How  manj  more 
are  there  in  the  one  group  than  in  the  other? 

2.  In  one  group  there  are  9  girls  and  7  boys.  How 
many  more  girls  are  there  than  boys? 

3.  How  many  are  8  less  1  ?  10  less  3  'i 

4.  How  many  are  6  less  2?  12  less  4? 

5.  How  many  are  11  less  5?'-  14  less  8? 

6.  How  many  are  19  less  10?  10  less  9? 

7.  How  many  are  17  less  10  ?^  13  less  7  ? 

8.  How  many  are  16  less  8  ?  /..  15  less  6  ? 

9.  How  many  are  14  less  9  ?  -  16  less  7  ? 

10.  How  many  are  17  less  7?/r?15  less  6? 

11.  llow  many  are  19  less  8?       17  less  9? 


82  PRIMARY 

LESSON    XXX. 

1.  From  a  brood  of  16  chickens  9 
have  been  carried  away  by  a  hawk.  Hew 
many  remain  ?     Why  ? 

Ans.     Because  .9  taken  frotn  /6  leaves  7. 

2.  Lucy  had   11    books,  but   has   given  10  of  them 
away.     How  many  has  she  left?     Why? 

3.  A  lady  had  in  her  purse  13  dollars,  but  has  spent 
7  of  them.     How  many  dollars  has  she  left?     Why? 

4.  What  is  the  taking   of  one    number  from  another 
called  ?  Subtraction. 

5.  What  is  that  left    after    taking   one   number  from 
another  called?  Their  Difference. 

6.  What  is  the  difference  between  13  and  7?     9  and 
2?     15  and  8?     16  and  9? 

7.  What  is  the  difference  between  13  and  6  ?     14  and 
7?     16  and  6?     17  and  9? 

WJRITTEX    EXERCISES, 

Write  and  subtract :  — 

(8.)        (9.)       (10.)      (11.)      (12.)      (13.)      (14.)     (1.3.; 

89769,889 
54327135 

Difference,  3 

(IC.)      (17.)      (18.)      (19.)      (20.)      (21.)      (22.)      (23.) 

459        789        79 
23868329 


ARITH3IETIC, 


33 


.-^n?^ 


LESSON   XXXI. 

There  were  6  butterflies  on  the  ground,  but  5  have 

flown     away.        How 
many   remain  ? 

Five  from  6  leaves 
how  many? 

Five  and  how  many 
are  6  ? 

2.  Two  from  2 
leaves  how  many  ?  2 
fi-om  6  ?  2  from  4  ? 
2  from  10? 

3.  Three  from  4 
leaves  how  many  ?     3 


from  5?     3  from  10?     3  from  9? 

4.    Four  from  7  leaves  how  many  ? 
from  9  ?     4  from  5  ? 


4  from  8?      4 


5.  Five  fi'om  9  leaves  how  many  ?      5  from  6  ?      5 
from  T  ?     5  from  8  ?     5  from  10  ? 

6.  Six  from   7   leaves  how  many  ?      6   from  8  ?      6 
from  9?     6  from  11?     6  from  12? 

7.  Seven  from  8  leaves  how  many?     7  from  13?     8 
from  15?     8  from  17?     10  from  16? 

8.  Andrew  is  19  years  old,  and  Jason  is  10.      How 
much  older  is  Andrew  than  Jason  ? 

9.  Mary  has  15  cents,  and  Lucy  9.     How  many  have 
both? 

Nine  from  1'5  leaves  how  many? 


34 


PRIMARY 


LESSOIT  XXXII. 

1.  Count  from  one  to  forty.     Write  the  figures,  which 
express  forty.  JfO. 

2.  Count  from  forty  to  fifty      Write  the  figures,  which 
express  fifty.  50. 

3.  Count  from  fifty  to  sixty.     Write  the  figures,  which 
express  sixty.  60. 

4.  Count  from  sixty  to  seventy.      Write  the  figures, 
which  express  seventy.  70- 

5.  Write  and  read  the  figures  of  the  table :  — 

Numberi 

Forty-one, 

Eorty-two, 

Forty-three, 

Forty-four, 

Forty-five, 

Forty-six, 

Forty-seven, 

Forty-eight, 

Forty-nine, 

Fifty, 

Fifty-one, 

Fifty-two, 

Fifty-three, 

Fifty-four, 

Fifty-five, 


Printed 
figures. 

41 

Written 
figures. 

42 

Jf2 

43 

43 

44 

u 

45 

45 

46 

46 

47 

47 

48 

48 

49 

49 

50 

50 

51 

51 

52 

52 

53 

53 

54 

54 

55 

^55 

Number. 

rrinxea 
figures. 

w  ntte 
figures 

Fifty-six, 

m 

56 

I'ifty-seven, 

57 

57 

Fifty-eight, 

58 

58 

Fifty-nine, 

59 

59 

Sixty, 

60 

60 

Sixty-one, 

61 

61 

Sixty-two, 

62 

62 

Sixty-three, 

63 

63 

Sixty-four, 

64 

64 

Sixty-five, 

^^ 

65 

Sixty-six, 

m 

66 

Sixty-seven, 

67 

67 

Sixty-eight, 

68 

68 

Sixty-nine, 

69 

69 

Seventy, 

70 

70 

ARITHMETIC. 


35 


LESSOIT    XXXIII. 

1.  Count    from    one  to  seventy.       Write    the   figures, 
which  express  seventy.  70. 

2.  Count  from  seventy  to  eighty.     Write  the  figures, 
which  express  eighty.  80. 

3.  Count  from   eighty  to  ninety.      Write  the  figures, 
which  express  ninety.  90. 

4.  Count  from  ninety  to  one  hundred.     Write  the  fig- 
ures, which  express  one  hundred.  100 

5.  Write  and  read  the  figures  of  the  table :  — 


Numter. 

Seventy-one, 

Seventy-two, 

Seventy-three, 

Seventy-four, 

Seventy-five, 

Seventy-six, 

Seventy-seven, 

Seventy-eight, 

Seventy-nine, 

Eighty, 

Eighty-one, 

Eighty-two, 

Eighty-three, 

Eighty-four, 

Eighty-five, 


Printed 
figures. 

71 

Written 
figures, 

71 

72 

72 

73 

73 

74 

74 

75 

75 

76 

76 

77 

77 

78 

78 

79 

79 

80 

80 

81 

81 

82 

82 

83 

83 

84 

84 

85 

85 

Number. 

Eighty-six, 

Eighty-seven, 

Eighty-eight, 

Eighty-nine, 

Ninety, 

Ninety-one, 

Ninety-two, 

Ninety-three, 

Ninety-four, 

Ninety-five, 

Ninety-six, 

Ninety-seven, 

Ninety-eight, 

Ninety-nine, 


Printed   Written 
figures,    figures. 

86      86 


87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
92 
93 
94 
95 
96 
97 
98 
99 


87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
92 
93 
94 
95 
96 
97 
98 
99 


One  Hundred,  100    100 


36 


PRIMARY 


LESSON    XZXIY. 

1.  If  John  should  see  1  vessel  every  time  he  should 
go  down  to  the  sea-side,  how  many  would  he  see  on 
going  down  to  the  sea-side  twice? 


2.    If  a  cabinet-maker  can  finish  1  table  in  a  day,  how 
many  tables  can  he  finish  in  3  days? 

3  times  1  table  are  how  many  tables? 


3.    5  times  1  tree  are  how  many  trees? 


4.    1  turkey    was    taken    from    a    poultry-yard    every 
night  for  6  nights.     How  many  were  taken  in  all? 
6  times  1  turkey  are  how  many  turkeys? 


5. 

Recite  the  table : 

Once  1    is 

1. 

2  times  1  are 

2. 

3  times  1  are 

8. 

4  times  1  are 

4. 

5  times  1  are 

5. 

6  times  1  are    6. 

7  times  1  are    7. 

8  times  1  are    8. 

9  times  1  are    9. 
10  times  1  are  10. 


ARITHMETIC. 


37 


LESSON    XXXV. 

1.    If  1  butterfly  has  2  wings,  how  many  wings  have 
2  butterflies? 

2  times  2  are  how  many? 


2.    3  pairs  of  skates  are  how  many  skates? 
3  times  2  are  how  many? 


J 


«^ 


^-^ 


3.    A  boy  has  2  hands.      How  many   hands    have  4 
boys? 

4  times  2  are    K)W  many? 


4.    A  merchant  sold  2  umbrellas  every  day  for  7  .iaya 
How  many  umbrellas  did  he  sell  ? 

7  times  2  are  how  many? 

X  X  X  X  X  X 

6.    Recite  the  table  :  — 


Once  2    is     2. 

2  times  2  are    4. 

3  times  2  are    6. 

4  times  2  are    8. 

5  times  2  are  10. 


6  times  2  are  12. 

7  times  2  are  14. 

8  times  2  are  16. 

9  times  2  are  18. 
10  times  2  are  20 


38 


PRIMARY 


LESSON    XXXVI. 

1.    How  man  J  cherries   in    2    clusters   of  3    cherries 
each? 


2.    How  many  marbles  are  5  times  3  marbles? 


3.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

Once  3  is     3. 

2  times  3  are    6. 

3  times  3  are    9 

4  times  8  are  12 

5  times  3  are  15. 


6  times  3  are  18. 

7  times  3  are  21. 

8  times  3  are  24. 

9  times  3  are  27. 
10  times  3  are  30. 


WRITTEN    HXXlixCISES. 


Write  and  read:  — 

(4) 

(5.) 

(6.) 

0) 

(8.) 

6 

23 

61 

16 

76 

8 

U 

77 

43 

67 

10 

65 

S4 

32 

17 

12 

61 

43 

17 

53 

(9.) 

(10.) 

(11.) 

(12.) 

(13.) 

86 

9 

11 

33 

91 

19 

25 

4'o 

47 

12 

22 

54 

78 

5 

21 

76 

63 

49 

73 

82 

ARITHMETIC. 


39 


LESSON  XXXVII. 
1.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

Once  4  is      4. 

2  times  4  are     8. 

3  times  4  are  12. 

4  times  4  are  16. 

5  times  4  are  20. 


6  times  4  are  24. 

7  times  4  are  28. 

8  times  4  are  32. 

9  times  4  are  36. 
10  times  4  are  40. 


2.    If  a  cat  can   catch  4  mice   in  1  day,  how  many 
can  she  catch  in  4  days  ? 

4  times  4  are  how  many? 


8.   At  4  cents  each,  what  will  cost  6  pencils? 


LESSON    XXXYIII. 
1.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

Once  5  is      5. 

2  times  5  are  10. 

3  times  5  are  15. 

4  times  5  are  20. 

5  times  5  are  25. 


6  times  5  are  30. 

7  times  5  are  35. 

8  times  5  are  40. 

9  times  5  are  45. 
10  times  5  are  50. 


2.  When  1  vase  costs  5  dollars,  how  many 
dollars  must  be  paid  for  3  vases?  ' 

3  times  5  are  how  many? 

3.  If  a  boat  will  sail  5  miles  in  1  hour, 
'low  far  will  it  sail  in  6  hours? 

6  times  5  are  how  many? 


40 


PRIMARY 


LESSON    XXXIX. 
Recite  the  table  :  — 
Once  6    is      6. 


2  times  6  are  12. 

3  times  6  ai^e  18. 

4  times  6  are  24. 

5  times  6  are  30. 


6  times  6  are  36. 

7  times  6  are  42. 

8  times  6  are  48. 

9  times  6  are  54. 
10  times  6  are  60. 

2.  In  a  garden  there  are  6  rose-bushes,  and 
on  each  bush  there  are  2  roses.  •  How  many 
roses  are  there  in  all? 

2  times  6  are  how  many? 

3.    If  1  barrel  of  flour  cost  6  dollars,  how  many  dol- 
lars will  9  barrels  cost? 

9  times  6  are  how  many? 


w 


LESSON 

1.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

Once  7  is  7. 

2  times  7  are  14. 

8  times  7  are  21. 

4  times  7  are  28. 

5  times  7  are  35. 


XL. 


6  times  7  are  42. 

7  times  7  are  49. 

8  times  7  are  56. 

9  times  7  are  63. 
10  times  7  are  70. 


2.  When  7  cents  are  paid  for  1  dove,  K^w 
many  cents  must  be  paid  for  5  doves? 

3.  If  1  basket  will   contain  7  apples,  kow 
many  apples  will  8  baskets  contain  ? 

8  times  7  are  how  many  ? 


ARITHMETIC 


41 


LESSON 

1.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

Once  8    is      8. 

2  times  8  are  16. 

3  times  8  are  24. 

4  times  8  are  32. 

5  times  8  are  40. 


XLI. 

6  times  8  are  48. 

7  times  8  are  56. 

8  times  8  are  64. 

9  times  8  are  72. 
10  times  8  are  80. 

2.  If  8  bales  will  make 
1  load,  how  many  bales 
will  make  6  loads  ? 

6  times  8  are  how 
many? 

3.  If  it  take  9  men  to 
row  1  boat,  how  many  will 
it  take  to  row  8  boats? 


LESSON  XLII. 
Recite  the  table  :  — 

Once  9    is      9.  6  t 

2  times  9  are  18.  7  t 

3  times  9  are  27.  8  t 

4  times  9  are  36.  9  t 

5  times  9  are  45.  10  t 


mes  9  are  54. 
mes  9  are  63. 
mes  9  are  72. 
mes  9  are  81. 
mes  9  are  90. 


2.  "When  9  cents  are  paid  for  1  cluster 
of  grapes,  how  many  cents  must  be  paid  for 
3  clusters  ? 

3  times  9  are  how  many? 

3.  At   9   cents   a   pound,    what    will    10 
pound?  of  sugar  cost? 


42 


PRIMARY 


LESSON  XLIII. 
1.    Recite  the  table :  — 

Once  10  is    10. 

2  times  10  are  20. 

3  times  10  are  30. 

4  times  10  are  40. 

5  times  10  are  50. 


6  times  10  are    60. 

7  times  10  are    70, 

8  times  10  are    80. 

9  times  10  are    90. 
10  times  10  are  100. 


2.  If  a  house  have  10  windows  in  front,  how,  many 
windows  in  front  will  4  houses  of  the  same  kind  have? 

4  times  10  are  how  many  ? 

3.  If  a  wi'iting-book  cost  10  cents,  what  will  9  writ- 
ing-books cost? 

9  times  10  are  how  many? 


WniTTEN 

BXEJtiCISES. 

Write  and  addi- 

- 

ct) 

(5.) 

(6.) 

a-) 

(8.) 

(9.) 

2 

s 

4 

3 

5 

7 

2 

2 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

3 

1 

Sum,  5 

(10.) 

(11.) 

(12.) 

(13.) 

(14.) 

(15.) 

6 

7 

8 

9 

5 

8 

3 

4 

5 

3 

6 

6 

(16.) 

(17.) 

(18.) 

(19.) 

(20.) 

(21.) 

U 

17 

10 

31 

43 

16 

i 

2 

12 

37 

26 

30 

ARITHMETIC. 


4B 


LESSON    XLIY. 

1.  Three   dogs  while  hunting   caught  4  rabbits  each. 
How  many  rabbits  did  they  catch  in  all? 

3  times  4  are  how  many  ? 

2.  "What  will  2  lemons  cost,  at  2  cents  apiece? 

2  times  2  are  how  many  ? 

3.  At  5  cents  apiece,  what  will  7  oranges  cost? 

5  times  7  are  how  many  ? 

4.  Joseph  went  a  fishing  6  times,  and  caught  8  fishes 
each  time.     How  many  fishes  did  he  catch? 

3  times  6  are  how  many  ? 

5.  What  will  4  sheep  cost,  at  3  dollars  each? 

4  times  3  are  how  many  ? 

6.  What  will  6  tops  cost,  at  7  cents  apiece? 

6  times  7  are  how  many  ? 


44 


PRIMARY 


LESSON    XLY. 

1.  If  a  cow  give  6  quarts  of  milk  a 
day,  how  manj  quarts  of  milk  will  she 
give  in  8  days? 

6  times  8  are  how  many? 

Emily  bought  10  combs,  at  10  cents  apiece.     How 
did  she  pay  for  them? 

10  times  10  are  how  many? 

"Wiijt  will  7  barrels   of  vinegar  cost,  at  6  dollars 

6  times  7  are  how  many  ? 
At  9  cents  a  pound,  what  will  4  pounds  of  sugar 

9  times  4  are  how  many  ? 
8  times  6  are  how  many?     4  times  9? 

LESSON    XLYI. 

1.  What  cost  4  plows,  at  10  dollars 
apiece?     Why  40  dollars? 

Ans.     Since   one  ploiv   cost    10  dollars,  Jf  plows  ivill  cost  Jf 
times  10  dollars,  or  JfO  dollars. 

2.    Oliver   bought   6   melons,  at  9  cents   each.     How 
much  did  he  pay  for  all  ?     Why  ? 

8.    5  pear-trees  have  on  each  of  them  8  pears.     How 
many  pears  are  on  them  all?     Why? 

4.  Caroline  has  8  classmates,  and  she  gave  to  each  2 
apples.     How  many  apples  did  she  give  them  ?     Why  ? 

5.  What  is  the  cost  of   7  hats,  at  3  dollars   apiece  ? 
Why? 


2. 
much 

3. 

each? 

4. 

cost? 

5. 


ARITHMETIC. 


45 


LESSON    XLYII. 


1.  If  1  ball  cost 
9  cents,  what  will  5 
balls  cost?     Wbj? 

How  many  cents 
are  5  times  9  cents? 

2.  What  is  the 
cost  of  4  pairs  of 
boots,  at   4    dollars  a 


h    pair  ?     AVhy  ? 


How  many  dollars 
are  4  times  4  dol- 
lars ?     Why  ? 

3.  If  a  man   can   make    6    pairs    of  shoes   in  a  day, 
how  many  pairs  can  he  make  in  6  days?     Why? 

4.  What  is  the  cost  of  8  pounds  of  sugar,  at  10  cents 
a  pound?     Why? 

5.  Bought    9    cords    of  wood,   at    7    dollars    a   cord. 
What  was  the,  cost  ?     Why  ? 

6.  What  is  the  cost  of  5  pounds  of  cheese,  at  10  cents 
a  pouud?     Why? 

T.    If  James    earns  8  dollars  in  1  month,   how  many 
dollars  will  he  earn  in  10  months? 

8.  How  many  dollars  are  8  times  8  dollars?     Why? 

9.  What  will    9  pounds    of  rice    cost,  at    10    cents  a 
pound  ?     Why  ? 

10.  What  will  10  pounds  of  beef  cost,  at  10  cents  a 
pound  ?     Why  ? 


46 


PRIMARY 


LESSON    XLYIII. 

1.  How  many  are  6  times  7  ?     4  times  3  ? 

2.  How  many  are  7  times  6  ?     3  times  4  ? 

3.  How  many  units  or  ones  are  8  times  5  ? 

4.  How  many  units  or  ones   are    9    taken    3    times/ 
How  many  are  9,   9,  and  9  ? 

5.  What  is  a  short  way  of  taking    a   number  a  cer- 
tain number  of  times  called?  Multiplication. 

6.  If  8  be  multiplied  by  5,  what  is  the  result  ? 

7.  If  6  be  multiplied  by  6,  what  is  the  result? 

8.  What  is  the   result   of  the   multiplication    of  one 
number  by  another  called?  Their  Product. 

9.  What  is  the  product  of  7  by  3  ?     Of  8  by  4  ? 


WRITTEN    JEXERCISJES. 


Write  and  multiply  :  — 

(10.)        (11.)        (12.)        (13.)        (U.)        (15.) 

6         5         7         9         4         8 

2         4-3676 


Product,  12 

(16.) 

(17.) 

(18.) 

(19.) 

(20.) 

(21.) 

11 

12 

12 

14 

14 

13 

3 

S 

4 

2 

3 

2 

.  (22.) 

(23.) 

(24.) 

(25.) 

(26.) 

(27.) 

31 

22 

23 

24 

33 

44 

2 

3 

3 

2 

3 

2 

ARITHMETIC. 


47 


LESSON    XLIX. 

1.  A  father  has  given  his  2  sons  4  gold  pens.  How 
many  pens  are  there  to  each  of  the  sons? 

2  in  4  how  many  times? 

2.  A  fi^rmer  has  6  pigs,  which  he  wishes  to  put  in 
pens  that  shall  contain  only  2  pigs  each.  How  many 
pens  must  he  have? 


3.    If  it   takes   2   skates   to   make  a  pair,  how  many 
pairs  will  8  skates  make? 

2  in  8  how  many  times? 


^-^' 


4.    How  many  pairs  of  gloves  are  there  in  10  gloves? 
2  in  10  how  many  times? 

*  SI  (1  Si 


ei 


5.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

2  in    2,  once. 

2  in    4,  2  times. 

2  in    6,  3  times. 

2  in    8,  4  times. 

2  in  10,  5  times. 


2  in  12,  6  times. 
2  in  14,  7  times. 
2  in  16,  8  times. 
2  in  18,  9  times. 
2  in  20,  10  times. 


48 


PRIMARY 


LESSOIT   L. 

1^  1.  Albert  gave  his. 3  brothers  9 
marbles,  to  be  shared  equally  be- 
tween them.  How  many  did  each 
receive  ? 


2.    How  many  times  3  marbles  are  15  marbles  ? 


3.    Recite  the  table  :  — 


3 
3 
3 
3 


in    3,  once, 
in    6,  2  times. 


m 
in  12 


9,   3  times. 


3  m  15, 


4  times. 

5  times. 


3  in  18,     6  times. 

3  in  21,     7  times. 

3  in  24,    8  times. 

3  in  27,     9  times. 

3  in  30,  10  times. 


LESSON    LI. 
1.    Sixteen  marbles  are  how  many  times  4  marbles  ? 
4  in  16  hoAV  many  times? 


2.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

4  in  4,  once. 

4  m  8,  2  times. 

4  in  12,  3  times. 

4  in  16,  4  times. 

4  in  20,  5  times. 


4  in  24,     6  times. 

4  in  28,     7  times. 

4  in  32,    8  times. 

4  in  36.    9  times. 

4  in  40,  10  times. 


-*> 


ARITHMETIC. 


49 


LESSON 

Kecite  the  table  :  — 

5  in     5,  once. 
5  in  10.  2  times. 
5  in  15,  3  times. 
5  in  20,  4  times. 
5  in  25,  5  times. 


LII. 


5  in  30,    6  times. 

5  in  35,     7  times. 

5  in  40,    8  times. 

5  in  45,    9  times. 

5  in  50,  10  times. 

2.    If  5  men  are  required  to 
row   one   boat,  how  many  boats 
can  30  men  row? 
5  in  30  how  many  times? 
3.    Thomas   divided   45  peaches    equally  among  5  of 
his  schoolmates.     How  many  peaches  did  each  receive? 

5  in  45  how  many  times  ? 

LESSON    LIII. 

1.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

6  in  6,  once. 

6  in  12,  2  times. 

6  in  18,  3  times. 

6  in  24.  4  times. 

6  in  30,  5  times. 

2.  If  one  ear  of  corn  is  required  to  feed  6 
chickens,  how  many  ears  of  corn  will  it  take 
to  feed  42  chickens? 

6  in  42  how  many  times  ? 

3.    At  6  cents  each,  how  many  melons  can  be  bought 
for  24  cents? 

6  in  24  how  many  times? 


6 

in  36, 

6  times. 

6 

in  42, 

7  times. 

6 

in  48, 

8  times. 

6 

in  54, 

9  times. 

6 

in  60, 

10  times. 

50 


PRIMARY 


LESSON    LIV. 
Recite  the  table  :  — 


7  in     7,  once. 
7  in  14,  2  times. 
7  in  21,  3  times. 
7  in  28,  4  times. 
7  in  35,  5  times. 


7  in  42,  6  times. 

7  in  49,  7  times. 

7  in  56,  8  times. 

7  in  63,  9  times. 


7  m  70,  10  times. 

2.    If  28  roses  are  divided  equally  between  7 
children,  how  many  will  each  receive? 
4  in  28  how  many  times? 

3.    At  7  cents  a  pound,  how  many  pounds  of  rice  can 
be  bought  for  56  cents?  i 

7  in  56  how  many  times  ? 


N 

WRITTEN 

EXEJtCISES, 

Write  and  subtract 

• 

(4.) 

(5.) 

(6.) 

0) 

(8.) 

(9.) 

u 

17 

10 

31 

43 

96 

4. 

2 

2 

7 

26 

30 

(10.) 

(11.) 

(12.) 

(13.) 

(U.) 

(15.) 

17 

16 

17 

25 

42 

56 

4 

c 

18 

8 

15 

19 

36 

(16.) 

(17.) 

(18.) 

(19.) 

(20.) 

(21.) 

40 

51 

21 

10 

42 

62 

20 

12 

13 

1 

24 

11 

ARITHMETIC. 


51 


LESSOR 

1.    Recite  the  table:  — 

8  in     8,  once. 

8  in  16,  2  times. 

8  in  24,  3  times. 

8  in  32,  4  times. 

8  in  40,  5  times. 


LY. 


8  in  48,    6  times. 

8  in  56,     7  times. 

8  in  64,    8  times. 

8  in  72,    9  times. 

8  in  80,  10  times. 

2.  If  one  quart  of  cherries  cost  8  cents,  how 
many  quarts  of  cherries  may  be  bought  for  32 
cents  ? 

8  in  32  how  many  times  ? 

3.  Francis  bouo;ht  8  writino;-books  for  80  cents.      How 
much  were  the  writing-books  apiece  ? 

8  in  80  how  many  times  ? 

LESSON    LYI. 
1.    Recite  the  table  :  — 


9  in     9,  once. 

9  in  18,  2  times. 

9  in  27,  3  times. 

9  in  36,  4  times. 

9  in  45,  5  times. 


9  in  54, 
9  in  63, 

9  in  72, 
9  in  81, 


6  times. 

7  times. 

8  times. 

9  times. 
9  in  90,  10  times. 


lars? 


2     If  a  soldier  can  buy  a  gun  for  9  dollars,  how 
many  guns  can  he  buy  for  18  dollars?    , 
9  in  18  how  many  times? 

3.    If  9  dollars  will   buy  a  barrel  of  flour,  how 
many  barrels   of  flour   can   be   bought  for  63  dol- 

9  in  63  how  many  times? 


D'Z 


PRIMARY 


LESSON    LVII. 

1.    Recite  the  table  :  — 

10  in  10,  once. 

10  in  20,  2  times. 

10  in  30,  3  times. 

10  in  40,  4  times. 

10  in  50,  5  times. 


10  in    60,    6  times. 

10  in    70,     7  times. 

10  in    80,     8  times. 

10  in    90,    9  times. 

10  in  100,  10  times. 


I 


2.    When  one  fish  costs  10  cents,  how  many 
fishes  can  be  bought  for  40  cents? 

10  in  40  how  many  times? 

3.  At  10  cents  a  yard,  how  many  yards  of  cloth  can 
be  bought  for  90  cents? 

10  in  90  how  many  times? 

LESSON    LVIII. 

1.    How   many   dogs,   at   5   dollars    each, 
can  be  bought  for  25  dollars  ?     Why  ? 

Ans.  Since  5  dollars  will  buy  one  dog,  as  many  dogs  can 
he  bought  for  25  dollars  as  5  %s  contained  times  in  25^  or  5. 
Therefore,  at  5  dollars  each,  5  dogs  can  he  honght  for  25  dol- 
lars. 

2.  How  many  toy-books,  at  3  cents  each,  can  be 
bought  for  18  cents  ?     Why  ? 

3.  How  many  marbles,  at  1  cent  apiece,  can  be 
bought  for  9  cents  ?     Why  ? 

4.  If  8  books  cost  24  cents,  ^what  Avill  1  book  colst? 
Why? 

5.  Arthur  walked  36  miles  in  9  days.  How  many 
miles  did  he  walk  each  day  ?     Why  ? 


ARITHMETIC.  53 

LESSON    LIX. 

1.    A  sportsman  in  shooting  6  times  shot 
30  ducks,  killing  the  same  number  at  each 
shot.     How  manj  ducks  did    he    kill  at  a 
shot?     Why? 

'      2.    At  7  cents  a  quart,  how  many  quarts  of  nuts  can 
be  bought  for  49  cents?     Why? 

8.    At  10  cents  a  pound,  how  many  pounds  of  sugar 
can  be  bought  for  50  cents?     Why? 

4.  Alfred  gave  24  apples  for  6  oranges.     How  many 
apples  did  he  give  for  1  orange?     Why? 

5.  How  many  skeins  of  silk,  at  5  cents  a  skein,  can 
be  bought  for  35  cents?     Why? 

LESSON   LX. 

1.  How  many  times   2    in   4  ?      In  8  ?      In  6  ?      In 
10?  In  2? 

2.  How  many  times  3  in  9  ?      In  6  ?      In  12  ?      In 
15?  In  27? 

3.  How  many  times  4  in  4?     In  16?     In  20?     In 
32?  In  40? 

4.  How  many  times  5  in  10  ?     In  25  ?     In  30  ?     In 
40?  In  5?  ^In  50? 

5.  How  many  times  6  in  12?     In  18?     In  6  r"     In 
42?  In  60? 

6.  How  many  times  7  in  14  ?     In  21  ?     In  35  ?     Id 
49?  In  03? 

7.  How  many  time3  8  in  24  ?     In  40  ?     In  64  ?     In 
72? 


54 


PRIMARY 


1. 

How 

2. 
45? 

3. 
10? 

4. 


5 


6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14 


LESSON    LXI. 

Edward   had   7   doves,  and   sold    3   for    30    cents, 
much  did  he  get  apiece  for  them? 

How  many  times  9  in  18?     In  36? 
In  9?     In  63?     In  90? 

How  many  times  10  in  20? 
In  50?     In  90?     In  100? 

How  many  times    2  in  18? 

How  many  times    3  in     3? 

How  many  times    5  in  35? 

How  many  times    6  in  24? 

How  many  times    8  in  32? 

How  many  times    9  in  27? 

How  many  times  10  in  40  ? 

How  many  times    7  in  28  ? 

How  many  times    8  in  64? 

How  many  times    9  in  45? 

How  many  times  10  in  80? 


In  54?     In 


In  30?     In  70?     In 

In  12? 
In  21? 
In  45? 
In  54? 

In  80? 
In  72? 
In  70? 
In  56? 
In  72? 
In  81? 
9  i.i  63? 


ARITHMETIC.  55 

LESSON    LXII. 

1.  How   man  J   times    are    4    cents    contained    in    24 
cents  ? 

2.  How  many  times  6  in  24  ?     8  in  24  ? 

3.  What  is  the  finding  of  the  number  of  times  one 
number  is  contained  in  another  called?  Division. 

4.  What  is  the  result  of  15  divided  by  3?      Of  21 
divided  by  7? 

5.  What  is  the  result  of  the  division  of  one  number 
by  another  called?  The  Quotient. 

6.  What  is  the  quotient  of  30  divided  by  5  ?     Of  49 
divided  by  7? 

7.  How  many  times  4  dollars  in  17  dollars,  and  how 
many  dollars  over? 

8.  What  is  the  number  which  is  sometimes  left  after 
dividing  called?  The  Remainder. 

9.  Divide  63  days   by  10,  and  what  will  be  the  re- 
mainder ? 

WRITTEN    EXERCISES.    ^ 

Write  and  divide  :  — 

(10.)  (11.)  (12.)  (13.) 

2)8         4)12         3)18         5)25 
Quotient,  4 

(U.)  (15.)  (16.)  (17.)  (18.)  (19.) 

3)36      4US      3)69      3)39      4)44      5)55 

(20.)  (21.)  (22.)  (23.)  (24.)  (25.) 

6)42      6)72       7)84       7)49       6)36      4)64 


56 


PRIMARY 


LESSON  LXIII. 

1.  In  a  store-room  4  mice  are  on  the  shelves  and  6 
on  the  floor.     How  many  in  all?     Why? 

2.  A  man  bought  a  load  of  wood  for  6  dollars,  and 
a  barrel  of  flour  for  9  dollars.  How  much  did  both 
cost? 

3.  In  one  field  there  are  5  oxen  feeding,  and  in  an- 
other 7.     How  many  oxen  are  there  in  both  fields? 

4.  3  years  ago  George  was  8  years  old.  How  old 
is  he  now? 

5.  Flora  recited  5  perfect  lessons  yesterday,  and  5 
more  to-day.     How  many  did  she  recite  both  days? 

6.  In  a  cage  are  4  old  bii'ds,  and  8  young  birds. 
How  many  birds  are  in  the  cage? 

7.  A  man  boucrht  a  chair  for  7  dollars,  and  a  desk 
for  8  dollars.     How  many  dollars  did  both  cost? 


ARITHMETIC. 


67 


LESSON    LXIY. 

1.  Jane  spent  3  cents  for  candy,  and  9 
cents  for  a  book.  How  much  did  she  spend 
in  all? 

2.  Albert  rode  8  miles  in  the  morning,  and  9  in  the 
afternoon.     How  many  miles  did  he  ride  in  all? 

3  Caleb,  having  spent  9  cents,  found  he  had  10  re- 
maming.     How  piany  cents  had  he  at  first? 

4.  A  farmer  sold  to  one  man  3  sheep,  to  another  3, 
and  then  found  he  had  7  remaining.  How  many  had 
he  at  first? 

5.  Henry  received  4  merit-marks,  Rollo  5,  and  Sam- 
uel 7.     How  many  merit-marks  did  they  all  receive? 

6.  Jasper  has  4  marbles,  Peter  3,  and  Ezra  6.  How 
many  marbles  have  they  all? 

7  James  is  4  years  old,  Arthur  2  years,  and  Edward 
1  year.     "What  is  the  sum  of  their  ages? 

8.  Jane  had  9  cents,  Mary  8,  and  Lydia  5.  How 
many  cents  had  they  all? 

9.  ]Maria  gave  her  sister  3  apples,  lost  2,  and  had  9 
left?     How  many  had  she  at  first? 

10.  A  lady  bought  a  dress  for  8  dollars,  a  bonnet 
for  9  dollars,  and  a  pair  of  gloves  for  1  dollar.  How 
much  did  they  all  cost  ? 

11.  If  you  give  10  cents  for  an  inkstand,  5  for  a 
pen,  and  3  for  a  pencil,  how  much  will  they  all  cost  ? 

12.  Eva  paid  8  cents  for  a  comb,  4  cents  for  thread, 
and  had  left  2  cents.     How  much  had  she  at  first? 


y 


58 


PRIMARY 


LESSON    LXV. 


1.    John    has    3    apples,    and   William   has   3. 
^|y  How  many  more  has  John  than  William?    Why? 

2.  Samuel  caught  8  birds,  but  let  7  of  them  escape. 
How  many  had  he  left?  I 

3.  Isabel  is  13  years  old,  and  Susan  only  3.  How 
many  years  older  is  Isabel  than  Susan?  /,< 

4.  12  black-birds  were  on  a  fence,  but  3  of  them 
have  flown  away.     How  many  then  remain  ?«>/ 

5.  James  had  11  figs,  and  ate  4  of  them.  How 
many  has  he  left?   7 

6.  Walter  bought  10  slate-pencils,  and  gave  9  of 
them  away.     What  number  then  remained? 

7.  Gave  11  dollars  to  Emily,  and  7  to  Betsey.  How 
many  more  dollars  were  given  to  Emily  than  to  Bet- 
sey?   • 

8.  Sold  a  cloak  for  14  dollars,  and  received  as  part 
pay  9  dollars.     How  many  dollars  remained  due? 

9.  Gave  10  cents  for  apples,  and  12  cents  for  peaches. 
How  much  more  was  given  for  the  peaches  than  for  the 
apples  ? 

10.  Andrew  had  9  chickens,  but  the  hawks  have  taken 
4  of  them.     How  many  remain? 

11.  Edwin  had  20  cents,  but  has  given  away  10  in 
charity.     How  many  cents  has  he  left? 

12.  James  is  18  years  old,  and  John  is  10  years  old. 
How  much  older  is  James  than  John? 


ARITHMETIC.  59 

LESSON    LXVI. 


1.  Ellen  has  9  chickens;  7  of  them  are  light-colored, 
a/id  the  remainder  dark.  How  many  of  them  are  dark- 
colored  ? 

2.  In  a  class  of  9  boys,  only  2  had  got  their  lessons. 
How  many  failed  to  have  their  lessons? 

3.  Ell  rode  12  miles  and  walked  6.  How  much 
further  did  he  ride  than  walk? 

4.  Paid  for  a  coat  13  dollars,  and  for  a  pair  of  pants 
7.  How  many  dollars  did  the  coat  cost  more  than  the 
pants  ? 

5.  Nathan  bought  a  slate  for  8  eents,  and  sold  it  for 
13  cents.     How  much  did  he  gain? 

6.  A  man  bought  a  gun  for  11  dollars,  and  sold  it 
for  9.     How  much  did  he  lose? 

7.  From  a  bucket  of  water  containing  14  quarts  there 
have  been  taken  out  7  quarts.  How  much  is  left  in  the 
bucket  ? 

8.  16  swallows  light  on  a  barn,  and  10  of  them  fly 
off  again.     How  many  remain? 

9.  Henry  is  18  years  old,  and  Willie  9  years.  How 
many  years  older  is  Henry  than  Willie? 

10.  John .  answered  19  questions,  and  Charles  only 
10.  How  many  more  questions  did  John  answer  than 
Charles  ? 

11.  If  you  have  20  dollars,  and  should  lose  10  of 
them,  how  many  dollars  would  you  have  left? 


60  PRIMARY 

LESSOI^    LXYII. 
1.    John's    clocr   cauo;ht  19  rabbits  in  two 
weeks;    8  of  them  the    first  week,  and  the 
remainder    the    second    week.      IIow    many 
did  he  catch  the  second  week?     Why? 

2.  Helen  found  in  the  orchard  15  apples.  After  she 
had  given  4  of  them  to  Mary,  and  5  to  Sarah,  how 
many  had  she  left? 

3.  Jonathan  had  6  marbles,  and  Peter  gave  him  3 
more;  but  on  the  way  to  school  he  lost  4  of  them. 
How  many  had  he  then  left?     Why? 

4.  From  a  flock  of  18  sheep  the  dogs  killed  8,  and 
1  died.     How  many  remained? 

5.  Jacob  picked  6  quarts  of  berries  one  day,  and  the 
next  day  8  quarts,  and  sold  9  quarts.  How  many  quarts 
of  berries  did  he  keep  ? 

6.  17  pigeons  were  flying  together;  6  of  them  were 
shot  at  one  time,  and  2  at  another.  How  many  of  the 
pigeons  escaped? 

7.  Edgar  had  13  chestnuts,  but  gave  Edwin  3,  George 
2,  and  Jane  4.     How  many  had  he  left? 

8.  James  gathered  16  quarts  of  berries,  and  sold  6 
quarts  to  one  man,  and  2  quarts  to  another.  How  many 
then  had  he  left? 

9.  Edwin  earned  18  dollars.  After  giving  his  mother 
7  dollars,  and  his  sister  1  dollar,  how  many  dollars  had 
he  left? 

10.  Bou2i;ht  a  hat  for  5  dollars  and  a.  vest  for  5  dol- 
lars.  and  gave  in  payment  a  20-dollar  bill.  IIow  many 
dollars  should  be  paid  back  ? 


ARITHMETIC. 


61 


J 

Dies 


LESSOIT    LXVIII. 

1.  2   boys    are    coasting    and    3    times    iS    many    are 
skating.     Ho-^'  many  are  skating?  ,/ 

2.  How  many  are  2  times  2?     2  timfs  3?     2  times 
5?     2  times  4?     2  times  7? 

3.  How  many  are  3  times  1?     3  tinieSj-'i?     3  ti 
6?     3  times  8?     3  times  10?  % 

4.  How  many  are  4  times  3?     4  times  5?     4  time 
4?     4  times  9?     4  times  1? 

5.  IIow  many  are  5  times  3  ?     5  times  6  ?     5  times 
7?     5  times  0?     5  times  10?  '^ 

G.    How  many  are  6  times  2  ?     6  times  4  ?     G  times 
6  ?     G  times  7  ?     G  times  9  ? 

7.  How  many  are  7  times  3  ?     7  times  4  ?     7  times 
7?     7  times  8?     7  times  10? 

8.  How  many  are  8  times  2?     8  times  5?     8  times 
7?     8  times  8?     8  times  10? 


\ 


62  PRIMARY 

LESSON   LXIX. 

1.  How  many  are  8  times  1  ?  8  times  2  ?  8  times 
4?     8  times  6?     8  times  9? 

2.  How  many  are  9  times  2  ?  9  times  3  ?  9  times 
7?     9  times  6?     9  times  10? 

3.  How  many  are  10  times  1?  10  times  2?  10 
times  6?     10  times  4?     10  times  10? 

4.  How  many  are  2  times  6  ?  3  times  4  ?  5  times 
8?     4  times  7?     6  times  3?     9  times  9? 

5.  How  many  are  6  times  0  ?  6  times  1  ?  2  times 
10  ?  4  times  10  ?  5  times  2  ?  7  times  2  ?  7  times 
9? 

6.  When  sugar  is  sold  at  8  cents  a  pound,  how  much 
must  be  paid  for  3  pounds?     Why? 

WRITTEN    EXERCISES. 

Write  and  divide  :  — 


\ 

['.) 

(8.)                    (9.) 

(10.) 

6)90         8)88         8)96         9)90 

Quotient, 

15 

(11.) 

(12.) 

(13.) 

(14.) 

(15.) 

9)99 

4)56 

7)77 

3)81 

(?;7^ 

(IG.) 

(17.) 

(18) 

(19.) 

(20.) 

3)72 

2)94 

5)75 

p>><5i 

8)96 

(21.) 

(22.) 

(23.) 

(24.) 

(25.) 

7)84 

5)85 

6)84 

8)96 

^;5>^ 

ARITHMETIC.  63 

LESSOIT    LXX. 

1.    Ellen   saw   in  a  pool   2  frogs,  and  in  a  pond  7 
^  times  as  many.     How  many  did  she 

^^^^m     see  in  the  pond? 

2.    A  farmer  raised  5  bushels  of 
peas,  and   7  times  as  many  bushels 
^   of  beans.     How    many    bushels    of 
beans  did  he  raise? 

3.  If  one  cord  of  wood  cost  8  dollars,  how  many  dol- 
lars will  6  cords  cost? 

4.  How  many  cents   must   be   paid   for  9  pounds  .oi 
cheese,  at  10  cents  a- pound? 

5.  There  are  on  the  lake  6  boats,  and  10  persons  in 
each  boat.     How  many  persons  are  in  all  the  boats? 

6.  If  8  apples   will   buy  1    ruler,  how  many  apples 
will  it  take  to  buy  7  rulers? 

7.  How  many  roses  are  on  9  bushes,  if  there  are  6 
on  each  bush? 

8.  What  will   cost   9   yards   of  cloth,  at  2  dollars  a 
yard  ?     Why  ? 

9.  What  will   cost   6    pairs  of  boots,  at  4  dollars  a 
pair  ?     Why  ? 

10.  If  Robert  can  walk  8  miles  in  1  hour,  how  many 
miles  can  he  walk  in  7  hours?     Why? 

11.  What  will  cost   6  loaves  of  bread,  at  8   cents  a 
loaf?     Why  ? 

12.  How  many  cents  must  be  paid  for  8  slates,  at  10 
cents  each? 


64  PRIMARY 

LESSO:tT    LXXI. 
1.    What  cost  9  lambs,  at  3  dollars  each?     Why? 

2.    If  there  are  8  panes  of  glass  in  1 
window,  how  many  panes  are  there  iu/^ 
^^=   windows  ? 
^<T^5=>-  g     ^^   -^Q   cents   an   hour,  how  manv 

cents  may  be  earned  in  10  hours? 

4.  Augustus  picked  9  quarts  of  berries.  If  he  gets 
9  cents  a  quart  for  them,  how  many  cents  will  he  ob- 
tain ? 

5.  If  a  scholar  can  perform  9  examples  in  one  hour, 
how  many  can  he  perform  in  T  hours? 

6.  If  Samuel  should  recite  6  perfect  lessons  m  one 
day,  how  many  perfect  lessons  would  he  recite  in  10 
days  ? 

LESSON    LXXII. 

1.  John  has  5  marbles,  and  James  has  6  times  as 
many  as  John.     How  many  has  James?     Why? 

2.  At  4  dollars  apiece,  what  cost  8  sheep?     Why? 

3.  At  5  cents  a  quart,  how  much  must  be  paid  for 
3  quarts  of  milk? 

4.  Charles  found  3  eggs,  and  Alfred  6  times  as  many. 
How  many  did  Alfred  find? 

5.  If  Henry  write  7  lines  a  day,  how  many  will  he 
write  in  6  days? 

6.  If  1  pound  of  starch  cost  8  cents,  what  will  5 
pounds  cost? 


ARITHMETIC. 


67 


-LESSON    LXXV. 

1.  If  an    apple,  or    any  thing,  be    divided    into    two 
equal  parts,  what  will  one  of  those  parts  be?    One  Half. 

2.  How  many  halves  make  one  whole?  Two. 

3.  If  an  orange   be   divided   into    three    equal  parts, 
what  will  one  of  those  parts  be?  One  Third. 

4.  How  many  thirds  make  one  whole?  Three. 

5.  If  a  melon  be  divided  into  four  equal  parts,  what 
will  one  of  those  parts  be  ?  ^         One  Fourth. 

6.  How  many  fourths  make  one  whole  ?  Four. 

7.  If  a  cake    be    divided  into  five    equal  parts,  what 
will  one  of  those  parts  be?  '    One  Fifth. 

8.  How  many  fifths  make  one  whole  ?  Five. 

9.  If  a  line  be  divided  into  six  equal  parts,  what  is 
one  of  those  parts  called?  One  Sixth. 

10.  How  many  sixths  make  one  whole?  Six. 


68  PRIMARY 

LESSON    LXXVI. 

1.  When  any  thing  is  divided  into  seven  equal  parts, 
what  is  one  of  those  parts?  One  SeveiJih. 

2.  How  many  sevenths  make  a  whole  one? 

3.  What  is  meant  by  one  eighth  of  any  thing  ? 

Ans.  One  of  the  eight  equal  parts  into  which  a  thing  ts  di- 
vided. 

4.  How  many  eighths  make  a  whole  one? 

5.  What  is  meant  by  one  ninth  of  any  thing  ? 

6.  How  many  ninths  make  a  whole  one? 

7.  What  is  meant  by  one  tenth  of  any  thing? 

8.  How  many  tenths  make  a  whole  one? 

9.  James  had  2  fourths  of  a  dollar,  and  his  mother 
gave  him  one  fourth  more.  How  many  fourths  of  a 
dollar  then  had  he? 

10.  2  fifths  of  an  acre  are  planted  with  beets,  and  2 
fifths  with  carrots.  What  part  of  an  acre  is  planted 
with  both? 

11.  3  eighths  and  4  eighths  are  how  many  eighths? 

12.  George  gave  2  sixths  of  a  melon  to  his  brother, 
and  to  his  sister  3  sixths.  What  part  did  he  give  away 
in  all? 

13.  Bought  a  book  for  2  fourths  of  a  dollar,  and  sold 
it  for  3  fourths  of  a  dollar.  How  much  is  gained  by 
the  sale? 

14.  If  you  should  have  5  sevenths  of  a  pound  of 
candy,  and  should  give  away  3  sevenths  of  a  pound, 
how  much  would  you  have  left? 

15.  8  ninths  less  6  ninths  are  how  many  ninths? 


ARITHMETIC.  69 


LESSOIT    LXXVII. 

1.  IIow    many  halves    are    there    in    one 
orange  ? 

2.  How    many    halves     in    2    oranges? 
Why  ?       . 

Axs.  Since  there  are  2  halves  in  one  orarige,  in  2  oranges 
there  are  2  times  2  halves,  or  Jf  halves. 

3.  How  many  halves  in  3  oranges?  In  4  oranges? 
In  5  oranges?     In  6  oranges? 

4.  How  many  thirds  in  1  orange?      In 
2  oranges  ?     Why  ? 

5.  How  many  thirds  in  3  oranges?     In  \ 
4  oranges  ? 

6.  How  many  fourths  in  one  melon?  In  2  melons? 
Why? 

7.  How  many  fourths  in  3  pears?     In  5  pears? 

8.  If  one  half  of  a  melon  cost  6  cents,  how  much 
will  2  halves,  or  a  whole  melon,  cost?     Why? 

Ans.  Since  one  }Lalf  cost  6  cents,  2  halves,  or  a  whole  one, 
will  cost  2  times  6  cents,  or  12  cents. 

9.  If  one  third  of  a  pie  cost  4  cents,  how  much  will 
a  whole  pie  cost? 

10.  4  is  one  third  of  what  number?     Why? 

11.  If  one  fifth  of  an  acre  of  land  is  worth  6  dol- 
lars, how  much  is  2  fifths  worth?     Why? 

12.  If  one  fourth  of  a  yard  of  cloth  cost  8  cents, 
how  much  will  2  fourths  cost?  3  fourths?  A  whole 
yard? 


70  PRIMARY 

LESSON    LXXVIII. 

1.  In  4  halves  of  a  dollar,  how  many  dollars?     Why? 

Ans.  Since  there  are  2  halves  in  one  dollar,  in  Jf  halves  of 
a  dollar  there  are  as  many  dollars  as  2  halves  is  contained 
times  in  Jf  halves,  or  2  dollars. 

2.  In  6  halves  of  an  orange,  how  many  oranges?     In 
'8  halves?     In  10  halves? 

3.  In  6  thirds  of  an  apple,  how  many  apples  ? 

4.  How  many  whole  ones  in  four  fourths  ?  In  8 
fourths?     In  12  fourths?     In  16  fourths? 

5.  How  many  whole  ones  in  10  fifths  ?     Why  ? 

6.  How  many  whole  ones  in  12  sixths?     Why? 

7.  If  a  yard  of  ribbon  cost  4  cents,  how  much  will 
one  half  of  a  yard  cost?     Why? 

Ans.  Since  a  whole  yard  cost  Jf  cents,  one  half  of  a  yard 
will  cost  one  half  of  Jj.  cents,  or  2  cents, 

8.  If  a  melon  is  worth  10  cents,  how  much  is  half  a 
melon  worth?     Why? 

9.  One  half  of  10  is  how  many  ? 

10.  If  a  cord  of  wood  is  worth  8  dollars,  how  much 
is  one  fourth  of  a  cord  worth  ? 

11.  One  fourth  of  8  is  how  many? 

12.  At  10  dollars  a  barrel,  what  will  one  fifth  of  a 
barrel  of  flour  cost  ?     Two  fifths  ? 

13.  One  third  of  twelve  is  how  many  ? 

14.  A  man  is  35  years  old,  and  his  son  is  one  sev- 
enth as  old.     How  old  is  his  son? 

15.  At  63  cents  a  yard,  what  is  one  ninth  of  a  yard 
of  cloth  worth  ?     Four  ninths  ? 


ARITHMETIC. 


71 


LESSON    LXXIX. 


1.    What  is   United    States   money?      United  States 
Money  is  that  used  in  the  United  States. 

Recite  the  table :  — 

are  1  cent, 
1  dime, 
1  dollar, 


u 


ii 


a 


1  eagle. 


10  mills 
10  cents, 
10  dimes, 
10  dollars 

2.  How  many  mills  make  1  cent?     2  cents? 

3.  How  many  cents   make    1  dime?      2 
dimes  ?     3  dimes  ? 

4.  How  many  cents   are    1  dime    and  3 
cents  ?     1  dime  and  4  cents  ? 

5.  How  many  dimes  in  1  dollar  ?     2  dollars  ? 

6.  How  many  cents  in  10  dimes,  or 
1  dollar? 

7.  How  many  dollars  in  1  eagle  ? 
In  half  of  an  eagle  ?  In  a  fourth  of 
an  eagle? 

8.  How   many   eagles    in   50   dol- 
lars?    In  60  dollars? 

9.    At   half  a  dollar   each,  how   many  dollars  wiU  6 
oooks  cost? 


72  PRIMARY 

LESSON    LXXX. 

1.  How  man  J  dollars"  will  2  barrels  of  flour  cost  at 
10  dollars  a  barrel? 

2.  At  10  dollars  a  barrel,  how  many  barrels  of  flour 
can  be  bought  for  20  dollars? 

3.  What  is  the  sign  of  dollar  or  dollars  ?  The 
Sign  of  Dollar  or  Dollars  is  $. 

4.  In  §31,  what  does  the  sign  denote?  It  denotes 
that  the  31  expresses  that  number  of  dollars. 

5.  What  then  does  $25  express?     $43  express? 

6.  When  dollars  and  cents  are  expressed  together  by 
figures,  how  are  the  figures  expressing  the  cents  sep- 
arated from  those  expressing  the  dollars? 

By  the  Decimal  Point  (.). 

7.  What  does  $25.10  express?  It  expresses  twenty- 
five  dollars  and  ten  cents. 

8.  What  then  do  the  figures  in  the  two  places  at 
the  right  of  the  point  express?  Cents. 

9.  What  does  $31.63  express?     $9.81  express? 

10.  What  does  a  figure  written  in  the  third  place 
at  the  right  of  the  point  express?  Mills. 

11.  What  then  does  $8,656  express?  It  expresses 
eight  dollars  sixty-five  cents  six  mills. 

12.  What  does  $19,425  express?     $73,187  express? 

Write  and  read  :  — 


13.  S69.  16.    $100.50. 

14.  $81.  17.    $63,579. 

15.  $42.  18.   $8,606. 


19.  $12,375. 

20.  $93.06. 

21.  $78,055. 


ARITUMETIC. 


73 


JEKSICK 


\^^"^.J?*ss 


LESSON    LXXXI. 

1.  What  is  avoirdupois  weight  ?  Avoirdupois  Weight 
is  that  used  in  weighing  common  articles,  as  tea,  sugar, 
butter,  etc. 

2.  Recite  the  table  :  — 

16  ounces  are  1  pound. 

100  pounds,  1  hundred  weight. 


20  hundred  weight, 


1  ton. 


Also,  25  pounds  are  1  quarter ;  2000  pounds  1  ton. 

3.  How  many  ounces  are  there  in  1  pound?  In  1 
half  of  a  pound  ? 

4.  How  many  pounds  are  there  in  a  quarter? 

5.  How  many  quarters  in  1  hundred  weight  ?  In  2 
liundred  weight?     In  3  hundred  weight? 

6.  How  many  hundred  weight  in  1  ton?  In  G  tons? 
At  4  dollars  a  hundred  weight,  what  will  1  ton  of  hay 
eost?     1  half  of  a  ton? 


V 


74  PRIMARY 

LESSOIT    LXXXII. 

1.  What  is  Troy  Tveight  ?     Troy  Weight  is  that  used 
in  weighing  gold,  silver,  and  jewels. 

2.  Recite  the  table  :  — 

24  grains  are  1  pennyweight. 

20  pennyweights,  1  ounce. 

12  ounces,  1  pound. 

3.  How  many  grains  make  1  pennyweight  ? 

4.  How  many  pennyweights  are  there  in  1  ounce  ? 

5.  How  many  pennyweights   are   there  in   1  half  of 
an  ounce  ?     In  1  fourth  of  an  ounce  ? 

6.  How  many  ounces  in  1  pound  ?      In  1  half  of  a 
pound  ?     In  1  fourth  of  a  pound  ? 

LESSO]^   LXXXIII. 

1.  What  is  linear  or  long  measure  ?    Linear  Measure 
is  that  used  for  measurino;  distances  and  lengths. 

2.  Recit-e  the  table  :  — 

12  inches  are  1  foot. 

3  feet,  1  yard. 

5^  yards,  or  16^  feet,    1  rod. 

320  rods,  1  mile. 

Also,  40  rods  1  furlong  ;  8  furlongs  1  mile. 

3.  How  many  inches  are  there  in     , 1 , 

I'll! 

1  foot  ?     In  1  half  of  a  foot  ?  i  lycu. 

4.  How  many  feet  in  1  yard?      In  2  yards?      In  3 
yitrds?     In  5  yards? 

5.  How  many  yards  arc  there  in  1   rod  ? 


ARITHMETIC.  75 

6.  How  many  rods  are  there  in  1  furlong  ? 

7.  How  many  furlongs   in  1  mile  ?      In  1   half  of  a 
miile  ?     In  2  miles  ? 

8.  How  many  yards  in  a  piece  of  tape  27  feet  long? 

9  If  your  arithmetic  is  6  inches  long  and  your  slate 
9  inches,  how  much  longer  is  the  slate  ? 

10  In  3  feet  how  many  yards?     In  6  feet?    In  18 
feet  ? 

11.    In    3    miles  how  many  furlongs?      In   6    miles? 
In  7  miles? 

LESSON    LXXXIV. 

1.  What  is  liquid  measure?     Liquid  Measure  is  that 
used  hi  measuring  liquids,  as  molasses,  milk,  etc. 

2.  Recite  the  table  ;  — 

4  gills  are       1  pint. 

2  pints,  1  quart. 

4  quarts,  1  gallon.      ^[^Ist^Ss^&on 

3.  How  many  gills  are  there  in  1  pint?     In  2  pints? 
In  3  pints? 

4.  How    many  pints    are    there    in    1    quart?     In    2 
quarts?     In  8  quarts? 

5.  How    many    quarts    in    1    gallon?     In  2  gallons? 
In  6  gallons? 

6.  In  12  gills  how  many  pints?     In  16  gills? 

7.  In  4    quarts    how  many  gallons?       In    8    quarts? 
In  16  quarts? 

8.  In  5  pints    how  many  gills?      In   6   pints?      In 
8  pints? 


76 


PRIMARY 


9.  Ho^Y  many  gills  are  there  in  1  half  of  a  pint? 

10.  How  many  quarts  are  there  in  16  pints? 

11.  How  many  gallons  in  20  quarts?     In  36  quarts? 

12.  At  6  cents  a  quart,  what  costs  1  gallon  of  milk? 

13.  At  12  cents  a  quart,  what   costs  1  pint   of  mo- 
lasses ? 

14.  AVhen  oil  costs  10  cents  a  pint,  what  is  the  cost 
of  a  quart? 

15.  How  many  gills  in  1  quart?     In  2  quarts?     In 
3  quarts? 

LESSOIT    LXXXV. 

1     What  is  dry  measure?     Dry  Measure  is  that  used 
in   measuring    dry   articles,    as 
grain,  apples,  corn,  etc. 

2.    Hecite  the  table  :  — 

2  pints     are  1  quart. 
8  quarts,  1  peck. 

1  pecks,  1  bushel. 

3      How     many     pints     are 
there  in  1  quart?     In  3  quarts?     In  5  quarts? 

4.  How  many  quarts  in  1  peck?      In  2  pecks?      In 
3  pecks? 

5.  How  many  pecks  in  1  bushel?     In  2  bushels?     In 
3  bushels? 

6.  In  4  pints  how  many  quarts?     In  8  pints? 

7.  In  16  quarts  how  many  pecks?     In  24  quarts? 


ARITHMETIC.  77 

8.  What    costs    1    quart    of    cherries,    at    6    cents    a 
pint? 

9.  At  5  cents  a  quart,  what  costs  1  peck  of  beans? 

10.  In  28  pecks  how  many  bushels?     In  32  pecks? 

11.  At  2  dolkirs  a  peck,  what  costs  1  bushel  of  ber- 
ries?    2  bushels? 

12.  How  many  pecks  in  three  bushels  and  3  pecks? 

13.  At  1  dollar  a  peck,  what  cost    3    bushels  and  3 
pecks  of  walnuts? 

*  LESSON    LXXXYI. 

1.  What   is    time?     Time  is  a  measured    portion    of 
duration. 

2.  Recite  the  table  :  — 

60  seconds  are  1  minute. 

60  minutes,  1  hour. 

24  hours,  1  day. 

305  days,  1  common  year. 

366  days,  1  leap  year. 

3.  Recite  the  table  of 

MONTHS. 

1.  January  has  31  days.  7.  July           has  31  days. 

2.  February,  28  or  29.  8.  August,         '  31 

3.  March,  31  days.  9.  September,  30 

4.  April,  30     "  10.  October,  31 

5.  :May,  31     "  11.  November,  30 

6.  June,  30     '•  12.  December,  31 


78  PRIMARY 

February  hag  in  leap  years  29  days,  and  in  common  years 
28  days. 

4.  How  many  seconds  are  there  in  1  minute? 

5.  How  many  minutes  make  1  hour? 

6.  How  many  hours  make  1  day? 

7.  How  many  days  are  there  in  a  common  year?  In 
tsb  leap  year  ? 

8.  How  many  days  has  January ?  February?  March? 
April? 

9.  What  month  has  in  leap  year  29  days  ? 

10.  How  many  days  has  May?  June?  July?  Au- 
gust? 

11.  How  many  days  has  September?  October?  No- 
vember ?     December  ? 

LESSOIT    LXXXYII. 

1.  How  many  units  or  ones  are  1  ten?  2  tens?  3 
tens?  4  tens?  5  tens?  6  tens?  7  tens?  8  tens? 
9  tens  ?     10  tens  ? 

2.  How  many  tens  in  20  units?  In  30  units?  In 
40  units?  In  50  units?  In  60  units?  In  80  units? 
In  90  units?     In  100  units? 

3.  What  are  100  units  or  ones  called? 

One  Hundred. 

4.  How  can  you  express  one  hundred  by  figures  ? 
By  writing  the  figure  1  with  00  on  the  right;  thus, 

100. 

5.  What  are  10  hundreds  called?        One  Thousand. 

6.  How  can  you  express  one  thousand  by  figures? 
By  writing  the  figure  1  with  000  on  the  right;  thus, 

1000, 


ARITHMETIC.  79 

7.  \Miat  is  that  which  you  have  now  been  attending 
to  called?  Arithmetic. 

8.  Of  what  does  arithmetic  treat?  Numbers. 

9.  What  does  arithmetic  teach?     Arithmetic  teaches 
how  to  reckon  by  numbers. 

10.  Write  on  the  slate  or  blackboard,  in  figures,  the 
fii'st  nine  numbers. 

11.  Write    and   read    the  numbers    expressed   by  the 
figures,  2,  5,  6,  4,  8,  10,  9,  11,  12. 

12.  Begin  at  the  right   and   recite  the  names  of  the 
places  or  orders  of  figures  in  the  following 

Table. 


r^        30 

.§    i    g   "3 
H  5   h  t3 


9.  Nine. 

1 6.  Sixteen. 

4  2  3.  Four  hundred  twenty-three. 

5  7  6  8.  Five  thousand  seven  hundi^ed  sixty-eight. 

13.  What  number  is  expressed  by  9  ?     By  16  ? 

14.  What  number  is  expressed  by  423?  4  hundj-eds 
2  tens  3  units,  or  four  hundi'ed  twenty-three. 

15.  What  number  is  expressed  by  5768?  5  thou- 
sands 7  hundreds  6  tens  8  units,  or  five  thousand  seven 
hundred  sixty-eight. 

16.  What  is  expressed  by  a  figure  standing  alone  ? 

Units, 

17.  What; is  expressed  by  a  figure  in  the  second  or- 
der, or  in  the  place  next  to  the  left  of  units?       Tens. 

18.  What  is  expressed  by  a  figure  in  the  third  order? 

Hundreds. 

19.  What  is  expressed  by  a  figure  "in  the  fourtli  order? 
^  Thousands. 

/  ) 


80 


PRIMARY 


LESSON    LXXXYIII. 

1.  TVhat  is  notation?     Notation  is  the   method  of 
writing  numbers. 

2.  What  is  numeration?     Numeration  is  the  method 
of  readino;  numbers. 

3.  Recite  the  table :  — 

10  units  are  1  ten. 

10  tens.  1  hundred, 

10  hundreds,  1  thousand. 

4.  How  many  units  are  1  ten?     How  many  tens  are 
1  hundred?     2  hundreds? 

5.  How   many   hundreds   are    1    thousand?     2  thou- 
sands?    3  thousands?     8  thousand  ? 


ARITHMETIC. 


81 


LESSON    LXXXIX. 
Write  and  read :  — 


(1-) 

(2.) 

(3.)                   (4.) 

(5.) 

26 

71 

99             82 

88 

39 

80 

28            13 

96 

40 

4     ■ 

31            49 

70 

(6.) 

(V.) 

(8.)                  (9.) 

(10.) 

83 

110 

118          501 

899 

95 

89 

105            66 

998 

100 

109 

150          606 

989 

(11.) 

(12.) 

(13.) 

(14.) 

144 

303 

6708 

1234 

1144 

300 

4576 

5636 

6110 

1330 

3421 

7396 

(15.) 

(16.) 

(17.) 

(18.) 

2161 

745 

450 

3215 

4502 

600 

632 

6215 

1234 

1302 

1725 

6215 

3107 

7805 

2141 

3145 

Write  in  fig 

ures :  — 

19.    Eleven. 

24.    One  hundred  six. 

20.    Thirty-two. 

25.    Two  hundred  ten. 

21.    Seventy 

-nine. 

26.    Three  hundred  nine. 

22.    Eighty- 

one. 

2T.    Four  hundred  sixty. 

23.    Ninety- 

seven. 

28.    Six  hundred  forty-five, 

29.  One  thousand  two  hundi-ed  fifty-six. 

30.  Three  thousand  five  hundred  sixty-three. 

31.  Five  thousand  two  hundred  fifty-one. 

6 


82 


F 
1 

PRIMARY 

LESSON 

XO. 

Write  and  read  :  — 

(10 

(20 

(30 

(40 

10 

111 

400 

123 

15 

125 

500 

456 

23 

362 

440 

789 

61 

410 

444 

321 

70 

397 

555 

654 

(5.) 

(60 

(70 

(80 

1234 

3456 

3000 

2640 

2000 

5463 

3003 

1346 

2200 

5602 

4500 

2132 

5550 

6052 

4005 

3671 

6789 

2005 

7077 

2005 

(90 

(10.) 

(11.) 

(12.) 

1422 

3405 

2231 

9834 

6171 

6725 

3225 

8352 

3140 

4IO6 

4252 

6761 

1233 

4455 

734 

365 

Write  in  figures :  — 

13.  Seventeen. 

14.  Seventy-one. ' 

15.  Ninety-nine. 

16.  One  hundred. 

17.  Ninety-three. 


19.  One  hundred  eleven. 

20.  Two  hundred  three. 

21.  Three  hundred  three. 

22.  Four  hundred  forty-four. 

23.  Seven  hundred  eighty. 

24.  Eight  hundred  nineteen. 


18.  Three  hundred. 

25.  One  thousand  one  hundred  twelve. 

26.  Two  thousand  five  hundred  fifty. 

27.  Eight  thousand  sixty-seven. 

28.  Nine  thousand  nine  hundred  ninety-nine. 


ARITHMETIC. 

LESSOIT    XOI. 

1.  Ho-^  may  numbers  be  expressed?     By  words. 

2.  What  is  the  method  of  expressing  numbers  by  fig- 
uies  called?  The  Arabic  Method. 

3.  Why   is   it   so    called?     Because   it   was   obtained 
from  the  Ai'abs. 

4.  What  character  besides  figures  are  sometimes  used 
in  expressing  numbers?  Letters. 

5.  How  many  different  letters  are  used?     Seven. 

6.  Name  the  letters.  I,  V,  X,  L,  C,  D,  M. 

7.  For  what  number  does  the  letter  I  stand?      One. 

8.  For  what  number  does  the  letter  Y  stand?    Five. 

9.  For  what  number  does  the  letter  X  stand?     Ten. 

10.  For  what  number  does  the  letter  L  stand?    Fifty. 

11.  For  what  number  does  the  letter  C  stand? 

One  Hundred. 

12.  For  what  number  does  the  letter  M  stand? 

One  Thousand. 

13.  What  is  the   method   of  expressing   numbers   by 
letters  called  ?  The  Roman  Method. 

14.  Why  is  it  so  called  ?      Because    it  was   obtained 
from  the  Romans.. 


Write  the  letter  standing: — 

15.  For  one.  19.    For  one  hundred. 

16.  For  five.  20.  For  five  hundred. 
IT.  For  ten.  21.  For  one  thousand. 
18.    For  lirty. 


84 


PRIMARY 


LESSOIT    XOII. 

1.  What  is  the  effect  of  repeating  a  letter?  Repeat- 
ing a  letter  repeats  the  number  it  denotes. 

2  If  then  I  stands  for  one,  for  how  many  do  III 
stand  ?  Three. 

3.  What  is  expressed  by  writing  a  letter  denoting  a, 
less  number  before  a  letter  denoting  a  greater  number? 

The  Difference  of  those  numbers. 

4.  If  then  X  stands  for  ten,  for  how  many  does  IX 
stand  ?     For  the  difference  between  one  and  ten,  or  nine. 

5.  What  is  expressed  by  writing  a  letter  denoting  a 
less  number  after  a  letter  denoting  a  greater  number? 

The  Sum  of  those  numbers. 

6.  If  then  L  stands  for  fifty,  for  how  many  do  LI 
stand?  Fifty  and  one,  or  fifty-one. 

7.  Write  the  letters  of  the  following  table,  and  tell 
the  numbers  expressed. 


Numbers. 

Letters. 

Numbers. 

Letters. 

One, 

I. 

Thirty, 

XXX. 

Two, 

II. 

Forty, 

XL. 

Three, 

III. 

Fifty, 

L. 

Four, 

IV. 

Sixty, 

LX. 

Five, 

Y. 

Seventy, 

LXX. 

Six, 

YL 

Eighty, 

LXXX. 

'Seven, 

YII. 

Ninety, 

XC. 

Eight, 

YIII. 

One  hundred. 

c. 

Nine, 

IX. 

Two  hundred, 

cc. 

Ten, 

X. 

Five  hundred. 

D. 

Eleven, 

XL 

Six  hundred. 

DC. 

Twenty, 

XX. 

One  thousand, 

M. 

ARITHMETIC.  85 

LESSOIT    XOIII. 

1.  How  many  are  7  and  3  ?     6  and  5  and  1  ? 

2.  What  is  addition  ?  Addition  is  tlie  finding  a 
number  equal  to  two  or  more  numbers  of  the  same  kind. 

3.  What  number  is  equal  to  9  and  4  ? 

4.  What  IS  the  sum  of  two  or  more  numbers?  The 
Sum  of  two  or  more  numbers  is  that  number  which  is 
equal  to  those  numbers. 


5.    What  is  the 

sum  of  8  and  5? 

Of  6 

and  7? 

How  many  are 

(6.) 

(T.) 

(8.) 

9.    2  and  2? 

17.    1  and  5? 

25. 

4 

and    4? 

10     3  ana  2? 

18.    6  and  2? 

26. 

5 

and     5? 

11.    4  and  6? 

19.    5  and  7? 

27. 

6 

and     6? 

12.    2  and  4? 

20.    8  and  1? 

28. 

4 

and     5? 

13.    5  and  3? 

21.    1  and  3? 

29. 

5 

and     2? 

14.    3  and  6? 

22.    6  and  5? 

30. 

10 

and     3  ? 

15.    1  and  9? 

23.    9  and  0? 

31. 

5 

and  10? 

16.    7  and  4? 

24.    5  and  8? 

32. 

11 

and     5? 

WBITTBX    EXERCISES. 

Write  and  add: 

(33.)               (34.) 

(35.)               (36.) 

(37.) 

(38.) 

16           17 

60            13 

14 

16 

31            11 

70            33 

30 

16 

41            42 

55            40 

12 

' 

34 

v39.)              (40.) 

(41.)               (42.) 

(43.) 

(44.) 

167          564 

271           924      • 

516 

810 

710          432 

808          442 

731 

201 

311           500 

520          412 

102 

401 

86  PRIMARY 

LESSON    XOIV. 
How  many  are 

1.  2  and  2  and  1?  9.   4  and  3  and  7? 

2.  3  and  2  and  2?  •     10.   8  and  1  and  0? 

3.  5  and  3  and  3?  11.   9  and  2  and  5? 

4.  7  and  1  and  4?  12.  .  2  and  6  and  1? 

5.  6  and  4  and  5?  13.  10  and  5  and  4? 

6.  1  and  9  and  6?  14.   6  and  1  and  3? 

7.  10  and  2  and  8?      15.  11  and  4  and  7? 

8.  11  and  5  and  4?      16.  12  and  3  and  7? 

WRITTEN    EXERCISES, 


Write 

and  add :  - 

— 

(17.) 

(18.) 

(19.) 

(20.) 

(21.) 

(22.) 

610 

612 

171 

143 

816 

771 

132 

390 

301 

261 

191 

117 

70 

10 

112 

412 

101 

231 

(23.) 

(24.) 

(25.) 

(26.) 

(27.) 

(28.) 

781 

257 

126 

391 

182 

910 

631 

861 

275 

710 

921 

297 

(29.) 

(30.) 

(31.) 

(32.) 

(33.) 

(34.) 

416 

413 

103 

129 

812 

700 

112 

142 

451 

310 

104 

511 

301 

603 

261 

230 

222 

132 

(35.) 

(36.) 

(37.) 

(38.) 

(39.1 

4131 

5410 

7102 

8201 

9102 

4121 

3444 

1703 

2143 

1034 

(40.) 

(41.) 

(42.) 

(43.) 

(44.) 

4831 

9102 

1111 

1345 

9810 

7201 

6132 

9109 

19 

1518 

ARITHMETIC.  87 

LESSON    XOV. 

1.  What    is    the    sign    of   addition?      The   Sign   of 
Addition  is  an  erect  cross,  -j-,  and  is  called  p/i<s. 

2.  In  3  +  2,  what  does  the  sign  denote  ?     It  denotes 
that  3  and  2  are  to  be  added. 

WRITTEN    EXERCISES. 

Write  and  add  :  — 

3.  m  +  315  + 162.  8.     205  +     79  +  446. 

4.  31  +  109+906.  9.     515+    304+     79. 

5.  38  +    90  + 115.  10.     106  +   412  +   112. 

6.  130  +  412  +  55.  11.     316  +    532  +    230. 

7.  316  +  214  + 100.  12.  1631  +  8102  +  3120. 


(13.) 

(14.) 

(15.) 

(16.) 

(17.) 

1241 

6130 

2712 

1717 

1007 

3212 

1021 

7181 

1202 

2100 

4106 

1210 

1104 

1102 

1527 

1210 

1418 

3010 

3370 

1013 

18.  Add  together  4,  6,  3,  10,  15,  11,  16,  70,  and 
35. 

19.  A  farmer  has  in  one  pasture  162  sheep,  and  in 
another    pasture    217.      How    many    has    he    in    both  ' 
pastures  ? 

20.  A  man  gave  125  dollars  for  a  chaise,  250  dollars 
for  a  horse,  and  30  dollars  for  a  harness.  How  much 
did  they  all  cost  him? 

21.  John  has  63  apples,  Henry  129,  and  Thomas 
86.     How  many  have  they  in  all  ? 


88  PRIMARY 

22.  Samuel  is  14  years  old,  John  19  years,  and 
their  father  50  years.     What  is  the  sum  of  their  ages? 

23.  In  an  orchard  421  trees  bear  apples,  125  bear 
pears,  78  bear  cherries,  69  bear  peaches,  and  10  bear 
plums.     How  many  trees  are  there  in  all? 

24.  A  merchant  paid  1630  dollars  for  cloth,  and 
5167  dollars  for  other  goods.  How  much  did  he  pay 
for  the  whole? 

25.  A  butcher  sold  475  pounds  of  beef  to  one  man, 
684  pounds  to  another,  and  986  pounds  to  another. 
How  many  pounds  did  he  sell  in  all? 

LESSOIT    XOVI. 

1.  If  4  be  taken  from  9,  how  many  will  remain? 
6  from  7?     8  from  15? 

2.  "What  is  subtraction?  Subtraction  is  the  takincr 
of  one  number  from  another  of  the  same  kind,  to  find 
their  difference. 

3.  What  is  the  difference  between  two  numbers  ? 
The  Difference  between  two  numbers  is  that  which  is 
left  after  taking  the  one  from  the  other. 

4.  AVhat  is  the  larger  of  the  two  given  numbers  in 
subtraction  called?  The  Minuend. 

5  What  is  the  smaller  of  the  two  given  numbers 
in  subtraction  called?  The  Subtrahend. 

6.  What  is  the  difference  between  9  and  3?  13 
and  5?     18  and  9? 

7.  What  is  the  difference  between  10  and  4?  15 
and  9?     17  and  8? 


ARITUMETIC. 

i 

WniTTEN 

EXERCISES, 

"Write  and  subtract :  — 

(8.) 

(9.) 

(10.) 

(11.) 

(12.) 

(13.) 

55 

58 

62 

73 

81 

96 

24 

41 

12 

32 

41 

75 

(U.) 

(15.) 

(IG.) 

(17.) 

(18.) 

(19.) 

28 

37 

21 

32 

25 

44 

19 

26 

16 

24 

16 

42 

(20.) 

(21.) 

(22.) 

(23.) 

(24.) 

(25.) 

55 

63 

71 

84 

81 

94 

41 

58 

19 

%5 

11 

85 

89 


\ 


LESSOIT    XOYII. 

Leaves  liow  many?  should  be  put  by  the  teacher  after 
each  of  the  following  combination  of  numbers. 


1. 

2  from 

4 

15. 

1  from 

8 

29. 

2  from  11 

2. 

4  from 

6 

16. 

3  from 

7 

30. 

4  from  13 

3. 

6  from 

i 

17. 

2  from 

6 

31. 

5  from  11 

4. 

3  from 

5 

18. 

4  from 

9 

32. 

6  from  14 

5. 

1  from 

9 

19. 

5  from 

6 

33. 

1  from  10 

6. 

5  from 

8 

20. 

6  from 

10 

34. 

8  from  16 

7. 

8  from 

9 

21. 

4  from 

8 

35. 

7  from  9 

8. 

4  from 

5 

22. 

7  from 

11 

36. 

6  from  15 

9. 

5  from 

7 

23. 

8  from 

10 

37. 

8  from  11 

10. 

3  from 

6 

24. 

6  from 

15 

38. 

4  from  12 

11. 

2  from 

8 

25. 

3  from 

11 

39. 

3  from  8 

12. 

3  from 

9     . 

26. 

5  from 

9 

40. 

8  from  13 

13. 

4  from  4 

27. 

8  from 

12 

41. 

0  from  9 

14. 

7  from 

8 

28. 

9  from 

17 

42. 

9  from  18 

90 


PRIMARY 


43.  What  is  the  sign  of  subtraction?  The  Sign  of 
Subtraction  is  a  short  horizontal  line,  — ,  and  is 
called  minus. 

44.  In  5  —  2,  what  does  the  sign  denote?  It  do- 
notes  that  two  is  to  be  subtracted  from  five. 


WRITTEN    EXEMCISES. 

\\^rite  and  subtract 

• 
• 

45.  14   7. 

50.  68 

-9. 

46.  19   11. 

51.  87  — 

-63. 

47.  34   8. 

52.  92- 

-13. 

48.  75   25. 

53.  68 

-16. 

49.  83  —  34. 

54.  77- 

-28. 

(55.)      (56.)  -^ 

(57.) 

(58.) 

(59.) 

(60.) 

363    728 

bm 

479 

623 

784 

141    128 

323 

246 

101 

342 

(61.) 

783 
572 

(62.) 

894 
265 

(63.) 

932 
303 

(64.) 

844 
326 

(65.) 

724 
617 

(66.) 

975 

846 

(67.) 

547 
256 

(68.) 

568 
370 

(69.) 

433 
152 

(70.) 

455 
163 

(71.) 

719 
431 

(72.) 

880 

780 

(73.) 

2602 
1402 

(74.) 

2162 
1052 

(75.) 

7160 
1000 

(76.) 

1000 
100 

(77.) 

8443 
4523 

78.  If  a  boat-load  of  corn  be  bought  for  415  dollars 
and  sold  for  528  dollars,  how  many  dollars  will  be 
gained  by  the  sale  ? 

79.  A  house  which  cost  1785  dollars  was  sold  for 
1672  dollars.  For  how  many  dollars  less  than  the  cost 
was  it  sold? 


ARITHMETIC.  91 

LESSON    XOVIII. 

1.  How  many  are  6  times  7?     4  times  3? 

2.  "What   is    multiplication?      Multiplication    is    the 
takins:  a  number  a  certain  number  of  times. 

3.  What   is    a    product?      A  Product   is    the    result 
of  a  multiplication. 

4.  What   is   the   number  to   be   multiplied   or  taken 
called?  -  '^^^The  Multiplicand. 

5.  What  is  the  number  given  to  multiply  by  called? 

The  Multiplier. 


WBITTEX 

EXERCISES. 

(6.) 

0) 

(8.) 

(9.) 

(10.) 

(11.) 

51 

42 

62 

71 

81 

52 

4 

4 

3 

5 

5 

5 

(12.) 

(13.) 

(14.) 

(15.) 

(16.) 

(17.) 

121 

424 

841 

426 

304 

128 

4 

2 

3 

5 

4 

5 

(18.) 

(19.) 

(20.) 

(21.) 

(22.) 

(23.) 

216 

412 

402 

211 

201 

631 

6 

6 

7 

9 

9 

7 

(24.) 

(25.) 

(26.) 

(27.) 

(28.) 

(29.) 

323 

410 

622 

913 

412 

713 

3 

4 

4 

3 

5 

2 

(30.) 

(31.) 

(32.) 

(33.) 

(34.) 

(35.) 

614 

735 

101 

901 

420 

814 

7 

8 

9 

9 

8 

8 

92 


PRIMARY 


LESSON    XOIX. 
1.    Recite  the  table  :  — 


2  times 

3  times 

4  times 

5  times 

6  times 

7  timies 

1  are  2 

1  are  3 

1  are  4 

1  are  5 

'  1  are  6 

1  are  7 

2  "  4 

2 

'  6 

2  "  8 

2  "  10 

2  ' 

'  12 

2  ' 

'  14 

3  '^  6 

3 

'  9 

3  "  12 

3  "  15 

3  ' 

'  18 

3  ' 

'  21 

4  "  8 

4 

'12 

4  "  16 

4  "  20 

4  ' 

'  24 

4  ' 

'  28 

5  '^0 

5 

15 

5  "  20 

5  "  25 

5  ' 

'  30 

5  ' 

'  35 

6  '^12 

6 

'18 

6  "  24 

6  "  30 

6  ' 

'  36 

6  ' 

'  42 

T  ''  14 

7 

'21 

7  "  28 

7  "  35 

7  ' 

'  42 

7  ' 

'  49 

8  ''  16 

8  ' 

'24 

8  "  32 

8  "  40 

8  ' 

'  48 

8  ' 

'  56 

9  ''18 

9 

"27 

9  "  36 

9  "  45 

9  ' 

'  54 

9  ' 

'  63 

10  ''  20 

10 

'30 

10  "  40 

10  "  50 

10  ' 

'  60 

10  ' 

'  70 

11  "22 

11 

'33 

11  "  44 

11  "  55 

11  ' 

'  m 

11  ' 

'  77 

12  "  24 

12  ' 

'  36 

12  "  48 

12  "  60 

12  ' 

'72 

12  ' 

'  84 

WRITTEN    EXJERCISES. 


Multiply 

(2.) 

2123 

8 

(3.) 

3231 
3 

a-) 
4142 

2 

(5.) 

6104 

2 

(6.) 

7221 
4 

(7.) 

6013 

(8.) 

7102 

(9.) 

5211 

(10.) 

5212 

(11.) 
1234 

4 

5 

5 

4 

6 

(12.) 

"  2136 

(13.) 

3401 

(14.) 

2725 

(15.) 

1710 

(IG.) 

1061 

6 

6 

7 

7 

8 

(17.) 

4131 

(18.) 

^  7121 

(19.) 

6012 

(20.) 

2041 

(21.) 

8106 

8 

7 

9 

9 

9 

ARITHMETIC 


9B 


LESSON  0. 
1.    Recite  the  table  :  — 


8  times 

9  times 

10  times 

11  times 

12  times 

1  are 

8 

1  are   9 

1 

are  10 

1  are  11 

1  are  12 

2  '' 

16 

•  18 

2 

''  20 

2  ' 

'  22 

2  ' 

'  24 

8  '^ 

24 

3 

^  27 

3 

"  30 

3  ' 

'    33 

3  ' 

'  36 

4  '' 

32 

4 

'  36 

4 

"  40 

4  ' 

c    44 

4  ' 

'    48 

5  '^ 

40 

5 

^  45 

5 

"  50 

5  ' 

'  55 

5  ' 

'    60 

6  '' 

48 

6 

'  54 

6 

''  60 

6  ' 

'  Q6 

6  ' 

'  72 

7  " 

56 

7 

'  63 

7 

'^  70 

7  ' 

'.  77 

7  ' 

'  84 

8  '^ 

64 

8 

'  72 

8 

''  80 

8  ' 

'  88 

8  ' 

'  96 

9  " 

72 

9 

'  81 

9 

''  90 

9  ' 

'  99 

9  ' 

'  108 

10  ^^ 

80 

10 

'  90 

10 

"  100 

10  ' 

'110 

10  ' 

'  120 

11  '' 

88 

11 

'  99 

11 

''  110 

11  ' 

'  121 

11  ' 

'  132 

12  '' 

96 

12 

^  108 

12 

''  120 

12  ' 

'  132 

12  ' 

'  144 

How  many 

2.  2  times  3 

3.  3  times  4 

4.  5  times  1 

5.  6  times  3 

6.  4  times  6 

7.  3  times  3 

8.  5  times  5 

9.  7  times  3 

10.  8  times  4 

11.  9  times  6 

12.  6  times  0 

13.  7  times  8 

14.  4  times  8 

15.  5  times  6 

16.  8  times  8 


are 


17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 


6  times  6  ? 
3  times  6  ? 
2  times  10  ? 
2  times    9? 

7  times  6  ? 
9  times    7? 

5  times  9  ? 
9  times    0? 

6  times  12? 

7  times  10? 

10  times    8? 

8  times  7  ? 
7  times    9  ? 

11  times    6? 

9  times  11  ? 


32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 


4 

7 
2 
8 
4 
5 
6 
8 
7 
8 
9 


43.  9 

44.  8 

45.  7 

46.  10 


times  4  ? 
times  5  ? 
times  8  ? 
times  4  ? 
times  11  ? 
times  7  ? 
times 
times 
times 
times 
times 
times  12? 
times  10? 
times  12? 
times  10? 


8? 
8? 
7? 
9? 
9? 


94  PRIMARY 

LESSON    01. 

WniTTEN    EXJEMCISES. 


1.  Multiply  11  by  4. 

2.  Multiply  12  by  3. 

3.  Multiply  23  by  4. 

4.  Multiply  42  by  5. 


5.  Multiply  113  by  6. 

6.  Multiply  233  by  7. 

7.  Multiply  761  by  5. 

8.  Multiply  443  by  8. 


9.  If  a  man  travel  35  miles  in  one  day,  how  far 
will  he  travel  in  9  clays? 

10.  There  are  63  gallons  in  one  hogshead.  How 
many  gallons  in  6  hogsheads? 

11.  How  many  are  7  times  162? 

12.  If  a  man  earn  650  dollars  in  one  year,  how 
many  dollars  will  he  earn  in  8  years? 

13.  If  the  distance  through  the  earth  is  7920  miles, 
and  the  distance  round  it  three  times  as  much,  how 
many  miles  is  it  round  the  earth? 

LESSON    Oil. 

1.  What  is  the  sign  of  multiplication?  The  Sign 
of  Multiplication  is  an  inclined  cross,  X,  and  is  read 
multiplied   by. 

2.  In  5  X  4,  what  does  the  sign  denote?  It  de- 
notes that  5  is  to  be  multiplied  by  4. 

WRITTEN    EXERCISES. 

Write  and  multiply  :  — 


3.  1060^X12. 

4.  3257  X  9. 


5.  6210  X  8. 

6.  1147  X  13. 


ARITHMETIC, 

v^ 

(7.) 

(5-) 

Multiply 

123 

Multiply 

4143 

By 

21 
123 

By 

32 

8286 

246 

2583 

] 

12429 

Product 

:*ro(luct   132576 

(9.) 

(10.) 

(11.) 

(12.) 

(13.) 

3012 

781 

1234 

706 

1401 

13 

14 

23 

41 

51 

LESSON    OIII 

.  1 

(1.) 

(2.) 

Multiply 

1321 

Multiply 

4024 

Bj 

25 

By^ 

31 

(3.) 

a.) 

(5.)   i 

(G.) 

(7.) 

4121 

1341 

6026  V 

6206 

1007 

22 

33 

15 

51 

91 

(8.) 

(9.) 

(10.) 

(11.) 

(12.) 

146 

4040 

8125 

913 

1403 

55 

11 

12 

47 

64 

(13.) 

(14.) 

(15.) 

(16.) 

(17.) 

1111 

170 

1561 

1044 

1101 

42 

19 

83 

m 

20 

95 


96 


PRIMARY 


18.  How  much  will  1050  barrels  of  flour  cost  at  14 
dollars  per  barrel? 

19.  A    farmer    has    in    his    farm    642    acres.      How 
much  is  it  worth  at  40  dollars  per  acre? 

LESSOIT    OIV. 

1.  In  24  how  many  times  4?     How  many  times  6? 
How  many  times  8  ? 

2.  What  is  division?     Division    is    the    findino-    how 
many  times  one  number  is  contained  in  another. 

3.  What  is  a  quotient?     A  Quotient  is   the    result 
of  a  division. 

4.  What  is  the  number  to  be  divided  called? 

The  Dividend. 

5.  What  is  the  number  given  to  divide  by  called? 

The  Divisor. 

6.  What    is    a    remainder?      A   Remainder    is   that 
which  is  left  after  dividing. 

7.  Recite  the  table  :  — 


1  in 

2  in 

3  in 

4  in 

5  in 

1,    1  time 

2, 

1  time 

3, 

1  time 

4, 

1  time 

5, 

1  time 

2,    2  times 

4. 

2  times 

6, 

2  times 

8, 

2  times 

10, 

2  times 

3,    3     " 

6, 

3      " 

9, 

3     " 

12, 

3     " 

15, 

3      " 

4,    4     " 

8, 

4     " 

12, 

4      " 

16, 

4     " 

20, 

4      " 

5,    5     " 

10, 

5     " 

15, 

5      " 

20, 

5      " 

25, 

5     " 

6,    G     " 

12, 

6     " 

18, 

6      " 

24, 

6     " 

30, 

6      ** 

7,    7     - 

14, 

7      " 

21, 

7      " 

28, 

7     " 

35, 

7     " 

8,    8     " 

16, 

8     " 

24, 

8     " 

32, 

8     " 

40, 

8     " 

9,    9     *' 

18, 

9      " 

27, 

9     " 

36, 

9      " 

45, 

9     " 

10,  10     "    . 

20, 

10     " 

30, 

10     " 

40, 

10     '* 

50, 

10     " 

ARITHMETIC. 


97 


LESSON    OV. 
1.    Recite  the  table  :  — 


6  in 

7  in 

8  in 

9  in 

10  in 

6,     1  time 

7, 

1  time 

8, 

1  time 

9, 

1  time 

10,    Itime 

12,    2  times 

14, 

2  times 

16, 

2  limes 

18, 

2  times 

20,    2  times 

18,    3     " 

21, 

3     " 

24, 

3     " 

27, 

3     " 

30,    3    " 

24,    4     " 

28, 

4     " 

32, 

4     " 

36, 

4     *' 

40,    4    *' 

30,    5     *' 

35, 

5     " 

40, 

5     " 

45, 

6     " 

50,    5    *' 

36,    6     '* 

42, 

6     " 

48, 

6     " 

54, 

6     " 

60,    6    " 

42,    7     - 

49, 

7     '♦ 

56, 

7     " 

63, 

7     " 

70,    7    *' 

48,    8     " 

56, 

8     " 

64, 

8     " 

72, 

8     ♦' 

80,    8    *' 

54,    9     ♦♦ 

63, 

9     ♦' 

72. 

9     " 

81, 

9     " 

90,    9    " 

60,  10     - 

70, 

10     " 

80, 

10     " 

90, 

10     " 

100,  10    ** 

WRITTEN    EXERCISES. 


(2.) 

(3.) 

(1) 

(5.) 

(6.) 

2)542 

4)844 

3)648 

5)510 

6)612 

8)816 

(12.) 

2)43 


(8.) 

8)824 

(13.) 

3)68 


21,  1  rem. 


(17.) 

4)486 

(22.) 

5)654 


(18.) 

5)256 

(23.) 

7)804 


(9.) 

7)721 

(14.) 

4)167 


(19.) 

6)103 

(24.) 

6)252 


(10.) 

7)847 

(15.) 

4)847 


(20.) 

7)4900 

(25.) 

8)645 


(11.) 

9)918 

(16.) 

5)563 


(21.) 

8)254 

(26.) 

6)726 


27.  Divide  484  by  4. 

28.  Divide  515  by  5. 

29.  Divide  618  by  6. 

30.  Divide  847  by  7. 

7 


31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 


Divide  910  by  8. 

Divide  521  by  7. 

Divide  1631  by  4. 

Divide  9199  by  9. 


98  PRIMARY 


LESSON 

OYI. 

WJtITTJEX    EXERCISES. 

(1.) 

(2.) 

(3.) 

(1.) 

7)8610 

6)6846 

3)1089 

5)7505 

(5.) 

(6.) 

0-) 

(8.) 

9)4680 

8)1040 

4)1745 

2)3568 

(9.) 

(10.) 

(11.) 

(12.) 

6)3242 

9)1782 

6)4102 

8)4128 

(13.( 

(14.) 

(15.) 

(16.) 

4)4890 

7)2435 

(18.) 

8)1950 

(19.) 

6)4320 

(17.) 

(20.) 

5)2533 

3)1000 

7)4963 

9)2040 

21.  A  certain  school  of  125  scholars  is  divided  into 
5  equal  divisions.  How  many  scholars  in  each  di\d- 
sion? 

22.  A  bridge  is  363  feet  long,  and  consists  of  3 
arches  of  equal  length.     How  many  feet  in  each  arch? 

23.  147  dollars  have  been  equally  divided  betweei} 
7  men.     How  many  dollars  did  each  receive? 

24.  A  farmer  has  279  acres  of  land  divided  into  9 
equal  lots.     How  many  acres  are  there  in  each  lofi* 

25.  8  is  contained  in  248  how  many  times? 

26.  A  man  divided  equally  between  his  6  sons  258^ 
dollars.     How  many  dollars  did  each  receive? 


ARITHMETIC.  99 


LESSON    C 

)YII. 

How 

manj 

'  times 

1. 

3 

ill 

12? 

19. 

4 

in 

20? 

37. 

2 

in  18? 

55. 

10 

in 

50? 

2. 

2 

ill 

14? 

20. 

7 

in 

28? 

38. 

8 

in  16? 

56. 

7 

in 

56? 

3. 

5 

in 

20? 

21. 

10 

in 

30? 

39. 

7 

in  49? 

57. 

9 

in 

18? 

4. 

6 

ill 

18? 

22. 

3 

in 

27? 

40. 

6 

in  36? 

58. 

8 

in 

16? 

5. 

4 

in 

16? 

23. 

4 

in 

36? 

41. 

2 

in  20? 

59. 

7 

in 

70? 

6. 

9 

in 

54? 

24. 

2 

in 

16? 

42. 

8 

in  48? 

60. 

10 

in 

90? 

7. 

1 

in 

10? 

25. 

3 

in 

24? 

43. 

5 

in  50? 

61. 

8 

in 

56? 

8. 

5 

in 

45? 

26. 

10 

in 

20? 

44. 

4 

in  32? 

62. 

6 

in 

48? 

9. 

3 

in 

30? 

27. 

8 

in 

40? 

45. 

7 

in  35? 

63. 

10 

in 

90? 

10. 

4 

in 

40? 

28. 

5 

in 

35? 

46. 

3 

in  21? 

64. 

8 

in 

641^ 

n. 

7 

in 

63? 

29. 

6 

in 

54? 

47. 

8 

in  80? 

65. 

9 

in 

72? 

12. 

8 

in 

72? 

30. 

9 

in 

81? 

48. 

10 

in  60? 

66. 

10 

in 

100? 

13. 

6 

in 

42? 

31. 

3 

in 

36? 

49. 

3 

in  27? 

67. 

8 

in 

32? 

14. 

7 

in 

49? 

32. 

4 

in 

44? 

50. 

2 

in  24? 

68. 

6 

in 

72? 

15. 

5 

in 

35? 

33. 

6 

in 

24? 

51. 

6 

in  54? 

69. 

9 

in 

36? 

16. 

8 

in 

24? 

34. 

9 

in 

81? 

52. 

5 

in  35? 

70. 

4 

in 

44? 

17. 

9 

in 

90? 

35. 

10 

in 

40? 

Do. 

9 

in  72? 

71. 

10 

in 

110? 

18. 

7 

in 

84? 

36. 

11 

in 

77? 

54. 

10 

in  80? 

72. 

12 

in 

144? 

WRITTEN    EXERCISES. 

73.  If  a   man   travel    315    miles  in  9  days,  how  far 
will  he  travel  in  1  day? 

74.  How  many  times  is  9  contained  in  1341  ? 

75.  A  man  divided  6314  dollars   equally  among   his 
5  sons :    how  much  did  each  receive  ? 

76.  If  a  man  earned  5200  dollars  in  8   years,  how 
many  dollars  did  he  earn  in  one  year? 

77.  At  the  rate  of  7  miles   an   hour,  in    how  many 
hours  can  you  travel  343  miles? 

78.  In  one  quart  there  are  8  gills;  how  many  quarts 
are  there  in  1008  gills? 


100 


PRIMARY 


LESSON    OYIII. 

1.  What  is  the  sign  of  division?  The  Sign  of  Divi- 
sion is  a  short  line  with  a  dot  above  and  belovf  it,  -^, 
and  is  read  divided  by. 

2.  In  8  -i-  2,  what  does  the  sign  denote?  It  denotes 
that  8  is  to  be  divided  bj  2. 


WniTTEN    . 

t:xeb,cises. 

Write  and  divide:  — 

•■ 

(3.) 

8)1976 

8)1976(247 
16 

(5.) 

12)9217(768-f-V 
84 

247 

(6.) 

11)4521( 

37 
32 

56 

81 

72 

97 
96 

1 

9)1760(  -^ 

(8.) 

%  13)4578( 

(9.) 

6)2784( 

(10.) 

14)5754( 

(11.) 
15)3525( 

(12.) 

8)3219( 

(13.) 

12)4980( 

(U.) 

16)6880( 

.     (15.) 

10)6672( 

(16.) 

20)6280( 

(17.) 

17)9541( 

(18.) 

31)1542( 

(19.) 

22)46266( 

(20.) 

40)88440( 

(21.) 

18)37848( 

(22.) 

19)57409( 

23.  5636  - 

24.  7340- 

-M4. 
:  15. 

25.    \ 
26.^ 

^9190  -^  13. 
54915   :  17. 

ARITHMETIC. 

lUl 

LESSON 

OIX. 

WJtlTTEy^    EXERCISES. 

(1) 

(2.) 

(3.) 

(4.) 

13)2T35( 

22)4640( 

24)5165( 

9)2731( 

(5.) 

(6.) 

('.) 

(8.) 

15)45T1( 

17)4144( 

4)63750( 

10)4573( 

(9.) 

(10.) 

(11.) 

(12.) 

21)7231( 

24)48o0( 

6)3376( 

22)185o0( 

(13.) 

(U.) 

(15.) 

(IG.) 

9)39919( 

5)67405( 

18)37960( 

9)6347( 

(IT.) 

(18.) 

(19.) 

(20.) 

7)11422( 

11)6715( 

16)64054( 

21)5749( 

(21.) 

(22.) 

(23.) 

(24.) 

11)6746( 

17)8164( 

8)7581( 

15)77035( 

—  25.    If  1965  apple-trees  are  planted  in  15  rows,  how 
many  trees  in  a  row? 

26.    How  many  barrels  of  flour  at  14  dollars  a  barrel 
can  be  bought  for  3308  dollars? 

'27:    Bought  a  farm   for  4000    dollars   at    25    dollars 
an  acre;  how  many  acres  did  it  contain? 

28.  A  farmer  sold   20   horses  for  4500  dollars;    how 
much  did  he  get  apiece? 

29.  Bought    hay  for   4650    dollars,   at  15    dollars   a 
ton ;    how  many  tons  did  I  buy  ? 

30.  How   many   coats,    at    16    dollars    each,    can    be 
bought  for  5420  dollars? 


Hi 


YA 

-/  V^ 

PRIMARY 

LESSON    OX. 

r\L 

1. 

Add  4  to  6. 

9. 

Take^from  10. 

2. 

Add  7  to  9. 

10. 

Take  f  from  16. 

3. 

Add  3, to  8. 

11. 

Take  3  from  11. 

4v 

Add  6  to  3. 

12. 

Take  6  from     9. 

5. 

Add  2  to  7. 

13. 

Take  2  from     9. 

6. 

Add  5  to  5. 

14. 

Take  5  from  10. 

7. 

Add  8  to  2. 

15. 

Take  8  from  10. 

8. 

Add  9  to  5. 

16. 

Take  9  from  14. 

WRITTEN    EXERCISES. 

(1)               (2.) 

(3.) 

(1.) 

(5.)                  (6.) 

12           81 

47 

116 

621           1004 

31           67 

37 

311 

710           4316 

Id 

62           11 

44 

341 

205             715 

35             9 

21 

173 

319            131 

40           15 

8 

95 

142            177 

^  (7.)  (8.) 

From  1945       6745 
Take      674       1636 


(9.)  (10.)  (11.)  (12. 

1360   7937   46004   96345 
454   6746   12305   62164 


(13.) 

(14.) 

(15.) 

(16.) 

(17.) 

(18.) 

From  3456 

397 

4720 

91340 

8123 

83406 

Take    1747 

298 

(20.) 

455 

(21.) 

78241 

6140 

(23.) 

74544 

^        (19.) 

(22.) 

(24.) 

From  4634 

2763 

1631 

1572 

7344 

6420 

Take   1725 

475 

146 

443 

2575 

4382 

/ 


^ 


By 


ARITHMETIC 

1U5 

LESSON    OXI. 

low  many  are 

How 

many  times 

1.    6 

times 

7? 

15 

7  in 

42? 

2.    8 

times 

5? 

16. 

4  in 

40? 

3.    5 

times 

3? 

17. 

3  in 

15? 

4.    T 

times 

4? 

18. 

4  in 

28?     ' 

5.    3 

times 

10? 

19. 

10  in 

30? 

6.   4 

times 

9? 

20. 

9  in 

36? 

7.   8 

times 

6? 

21. 

6  in 

48? 

8.    9 

times 

9? 

22. 

9  in 

81? 

9.    8 

times 

6? 

23. 

8  in 

48? 

10.   7 

times 

8? 

24. 

<   in 

b^l 

11.   5 

times 

9? 

25. 

9  in 

45? 

12.    6 

times 

8? 

26. 

6  in 

48? 

13.   7 

times 

7? 

27. 

9 

7  in 

49? 

14.    8 

times 

10? 

28. 

8  in 

80? 

WRITTEX    EXERCISES. 

t<^^ 

(1-) 

(2.) 

(3.)             (4.) 

(5.) 

(6.) 

Itiply  ' 

(367 

1406 

167      4015 

44416 

61706 

6 

12 

8          23 

16 

25 

5^ 


('•) 

(8.) 

(9.) 

(10.) 

(11.) 

(12.) 

Multiply  314 

1709 

2235 

4625 

789 

40310 

By              13 

31 

28 

20 

33 

64 

(13.) 


(14.) 


(15.) 


(IG.) 


(17.) 


(18.)- 

12)3147(  8)8405(  6)714(  15)4650(  4)774(  25)2575( 


(19.) 


(20.) 


(21.) 


(22.) 


(23.) 


13)2730(     4)67454(     21)45164(    7)196T(    9)17740f 


104  PRIMARY      ARITHMETIC. 

LESSON     OZII. 
WRITTEN    EXEItCISES. 

1.  In  Smith's  farm  there  are  325  acres,  and  in 
Hale's  farm  26-i  acres.  How  many  acres  are  there  in 
both  farms? 

2.  In  one  town  there  are  450  voters,  and  in  another 
673.     How  many  more  in  one  than  in  the  other? 

3.  A  miller  ground  315  bushels  of  grain  in  one  day, 
and  451  bushels  in  the  next.  How  many  bushels  did 
he  grind  in  both  days  ?  ^ 

4.  In  one  week  there  are  7  days;  how  many  days 
are  there  in  52  weeks? 

5.  How  many  casks  of  3  bushels  each  will  be  re- 
quired to  hold  561  bushels  of  potatoes? 

6.  How  much  can  a  man  earn  in  45  weeks  at  18 
dollars  a  week? 

7.  If  you  can  solve  16  problems  in  one  day,  how 
many  can  you  solve  in  312  days? 

8.  A  boy  wishes  to  divide  1144  apples .  equally  among 
22  school-fellows;    how  many  can  he  give  each? 

9.  How  many  barrels  of  flour  at  10  dollars  a  barrel 
can  be  bought  for  4160  dollars? 

10.  In  one  bushel  there  are  4  pecks ;  how  many 
pecks  are  there  in  564  bushels? 

«1.    If   a  shoemaker  can  make   12   pairs    of  shoes   in 
week,  how  many  pairs  can  he  make  in  52  weeks? 
12.    If  4160  dollars  be  paid  for  416  barrels  of  flour, 
what  is  the  cost  per  "barrel? 


1 


I 


m  35819 


U.  C.  BERK 


LEY 


BRARIES 


CD7S7DtD3TM 


w 


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